tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-88625401369448746152024-03-17T09:44:33.376-04:00Cities and DesignEvaluating the capacity of land to shelter growing human activity without sacrificing their quality and source of lifeWalter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.comBlogger227125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-68229307224263143362024-03-17T09:44:00.000-04:002024-03-17T09:44:26.763-04:00How to Transition from Zoning to Urban Design<p> I was recently asked the question in this title and thought
I’d publish my answer.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">INTRODUCTION<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Urban design begins with mathematical relationships between
the geometry of building mass and the two-dimensional quantities of building
footprint, pavement, parking, and unpaved open space. They are combined and
arranged to form a building site plan. Elevations are needed to define the
building mass implied by the building footprint in the site plan. A collection
of these plans defines the shelter anatomy of neighborhoods, districts, cities,
and regions served by arteries of movement, open space, and life support.
(Arteries of public open space are more of a dream than reality but their
absence compromises the health of the anatomy in my opinion.)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It’s time to learn about the mathematical correlation
required to understand and lead the shelter compositions we create within a
randomly growing urban anatomy. We cannot lead without a more precise,
comprehensive, and correlated mathematical language capable of the measurement,
evaluation, debate, prediction, and planning required to guide our habitat
toward a symbiotic relationship with its source of life.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">There are only six building design categories when
classification is based on the parking system planned or present. This
classification makes shelter capacity measurement, evaluation, planning, and
forecasting mathematically predictable. (Shelter capacity is gross building in
sq. ft. divided by the buildable acres of the property.) I have mentioned these
categories in many essays and request patience from those familiar with the
topics as I repeat them here. They are: Buildings with surface parking lots
around, but not under, the building on the same property (G1); Buildings with
surface parking around and under the building on the same property (G2);
Buildings with an adjacent parking garage on the same property (S1); Buildings
with underground parking on the same property with or without supplemental
surface parking (S2); Buildings with structure parking under the building on
the same property with or without supplemental surface parking (S3); and
Buildings with no parking required (NP). <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Buildings are classified by design category in the attached
Table of Contents. I’ve included the table to illustrate the range of forecast
models currently available to measure, evaluate, predict, plan, and lead the
formation of shelter within geographic limits defined to protect their source
of life.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The master equations noted in the attached Table of Contents
have been derived under separate cover for future evaluation. The forecast
models shown greatly improve the models I included on a CD in my first book, <u>Land
Development Calculations</u>, 2001 published by McGraw-Hill. I have had
requests for the first edition CD from some who can no longer find it with a
used book. As far as I know, the second edition still contains a more
complicated CD and is available from both McGraw-Hill and Amazon.com. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I cannot provide copies of the first edition CD on request because:
(1) It was prepared using an older version of Excel and I’m not sure it will
still run. (I haven’t used it for years); and (2) The CD was often copied. As a
result of this experience, I will only provide the new algorithm-based forecast
models to an investor willing to place these inter-active models on a
subscription based web site.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The gross building area options predicted per buildable acre
by these models is based on optional design specification value entries. The
results are a keystone consideration, since they define the shelter capacity,
intensity, and revenue/income potential per acre. The type of activity planned
or present within gross building area determines the economic potential of the shelter
capacity options and intensities predicted per buildable acre. This potential
revenue per acre can be compared to a city’s total annual expense per acre when
its annual budget is divided by the taxable, buildable acres within its limits.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The relationship between a buildable acre and the gross
building area present, planned, or predicted determines the shelter capacity of
the acre. Occupant activity determines its revenue potential, and gross
building area may be occupied by any permitted activity. A land use plan solely
focused on compatible activity relationships leaves its economic future to
chance since gross building area results are left to chance. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Economic development does not need to be a reaction to
budget deficits. It can be part of a forward-thinking master planning effort when
its decisions are mathematically driven. In other words, shelter capacity and
activity must be mathematically correlated before economic potential can be
more than hope that has never been a substitute for strategy.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It all begins with the choice of a building design category
for a given land area and the optional values assigned to the design specification
topics within its forecast model. Embedded algorithms correlate these values
with the floor quantity options entered to produce a table of gross building
area, shelter capacity, intensity, intrusion, and dominance implications. The
activities that can be accommodated by these gross building area options have
economic options and implications. It is in both the public and private sectors
interest to correlate these shelter capacity, intensity, and activity options
to produce economic results capable of consistently supporting a desirable
quality of life within geographic limits that protect their source of life.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The gross building area capacity of a buildable acre is a
function of the building design category chosen and a limited number of design
specification topics and value options. This specification palette, however,
produces a relatively infinite number of desirable and undesirable shelter
capacity and intensity possibilities. Correlating these options to produce
physical, social, psychological, environmental, and economic security without
threat to our source of life is the challenge we face on a planet that does not
compromise with ignorance.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">THE ANSWER<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The transition from zoning to urban design will begin with
the recognition that zoning has a mathematical foundation that must be
distilled and correlated to become a successful leadership language. It has
been a step in the right direction but urban design specifications are not like
social regulations. They require mathematical correlation. I have often found
that the currently absolute and incomplete zoning design regulations have
simply led to contradiction and confusion. This appears to have contributed to
the sprawl and excessive intensity we find in many of our cities. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Think of urban design as a mathematically correlated policy
statement for each cell in an urban anatomy that cannot continue to randomly
metastasize without consequence. This growth has been referred to as urban
form, urban pattern, and urban composition, but these terms give the mistaken
impression of organization. The only appropriate and accurate term has been
“sprawl” enabled with legal annexation as an expedient solution for the growth
we encourage with an inadequate understanding of the consequences. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Mathematical urban design decisions have physical, social,
and economic implications that remain to be discovered through measurement,
evaluation, and debate. The policy decisions adopted will be symbolized by the
form, function, and appearance built on this foundation. <o:p></o:p></p>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Walter M. Hosack: March, 2024</span><div><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY2Z6XeCPe0nNavXWEjrjYysPww2q1sfsvq2N-bjacqAEG6HrzL2-sTu8RKsXn_Kb_H_JbVeuDQnCVMVGm52LZKuMO2t4Cj1MMy3EF-0FDWJ-P6XQKjt1tI0IO8tiy7xC5xsGwPyYKvhiNfSVLwz7xuVi86exZt0ksX_Tx_xStMJLBsAHYeNZ0E0MlBtOY/s4140/Pg1%20t%20of%20c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4140" data-original-width="3215" height="793" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY2Z6XeCPe0nNavXWEjrjYysPww2q1sfsvq2N-bjacqAEG6HrzL2-sTu8RKsXn_Kb_H_JbVeuDQnCVMVGm52LZKuMO2t4Cj1MMy3EF-0FDWJ-P6XQKjt1tI0IO8tiy7xC5xsGwPyYKvhiNfSVLwz7xuVi86exZt0ksX_Tx_xStMJLBsAHYeNZ0E0MlBtOY/w617-h793/Pg1%20t%20of%20c.jpg" width="617" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJgcZhKg5SgzccAiAd-HvHfQOav4uFyHSZVmeOET_CPVUmpa3RZrEfAZwF3pq8yrIP7ndWip4yZWaWLkf-hQkVQ9EMFvtOJYNoQEzlk29ZqxAO95LbCkGnibjFKCJjh0x5qJjz-KtGwkKZH1zriqUMJ6jYV3u4ryi_iCk0aKT9d3S_OPSEhjs3jztzbKU3/s3300/pg2%20t%20of%20c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3300" data-original-width="2550" height="957" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJgcZhKg5SgzccAiAd-HvHfQOav4uFyHSZVmeOET_CPVUmpa3RZrEfAZwF3pq8yrIP7ndWip4yZWaWLkf-hQkVQ9EMFvtOJYNoQEzlk29ZqxAO95LbCkGnibjFKCJjh0x5qJjz-KtGwkKZH1zriqUMJ6jYV3u4ryi_iCk0aKT9d3S_OPSEhjs3jztzbKU3/w738-h957/pg2%20t%20of%20c.jpg" width="738" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7aNQcfH2r4lAVJ2IVqkpQMZQ5i14mAmExCaNVzDYb7LGBAp6bZmsPpEOC0YPDh1WGZM7mLCsMV6WxUQ_uTHxxPdwFN3TKEGiX3Cg7TB3Uo03ruHs2dC0NWuhjkt8K_62H2U-SOOetKpZfRwZTbz0jvqBhfKUqG4QdwJLaKbC3E6DXcQbRudTtcjycKVVa/s2200/pg3%20t%20of%20c%20(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2200" data-original-width="1700" height="771" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7aNQcfH2r4lAVJ2IVqkpQMZQ5i14mAmExCaNVzDYb7LGBAp6bZmsPpEOC0YPDh1WGZM7mLCsMV6WxUQ_uTHxxPdwFN3TKEGiX3Cg7TB3Uo03ruHs2dC0NWuhjkt8K_62H2U-SOOetKpZfRwZTbz0jvqBhfKUqG4QdwJLaKbC3E6DXcQbRudTtcjycKVVa/w595-h771/pg3%20t%20of%20c%20(1).jpg" width="595" /></a></div><br />Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-89660621185835508322024-03-13T08:46:00.000-04:002024-03-13T08:46:09.396-04:00Hosack Blog Essay Index Updated 3.13.2024<p> </p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 4.65pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 698px;">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hosack Blog Essay Index Updated<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Candara Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Walter M. Hosack: updated 3.13.2024
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Candara Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Year/Mo/Order<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: right;"><a href="http://www.wmhosack.blogspot.com/"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">www.wmhosack.blogspot.com</span></a><u><span style="color: blue; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">10.9.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Replacing Density<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">10.9.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The City is a Farm<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">10.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Examining Architecture Part 1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">10.10.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Disorganized Zoning Ordinance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">10.10.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Limits of Shelter Capacity <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">10.11.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Variance Contradiction<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">10.12.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Land Use Plans & Ponzi Schemes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Hidden Implications of Design Decisions<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Strategy is Missing from Economic Development<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Tool for Containing Sprawl<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.4.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Design Specifications & Shelter Intensity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.4.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Parking Lot Design Implications<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.5.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Dwelling Unit Design Implications<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.6.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Measuring Design Excellence - Sullivan & Wright<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.7.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Symbiotic City<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.8.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Symbiotic Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.9.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">City Design for Economic Stability<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Citizen Participation is not Leadership<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.10.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">City Design with Space<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 22;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.10.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Design for Survival<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 23;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.10.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Education<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 24;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.10.5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Education Preamble<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 25;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.10.6<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Pitch and Catch<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 26;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.10.7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Predict Shelter Options within Limited Built Domain<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 27;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.10.8<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Protecting the Planet<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 28;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.10.9<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Talent and Leadership<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 29;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.11.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A New Language for Architecture & City Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 30;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.11.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Strategic & Tactical Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 31;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.12.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Improving Arguments for Architecture & City Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 32;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.12.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Tool for Containing Sprawl<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 33;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.12.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">An Overlooked Threat to the Family of Man<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 34;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.12.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Conceptual Design & Architectural Scope<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 35;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.12.5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Land is a Critical Design Element<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 36;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.12.6<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Public Benefit of Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 37;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">City Design Synopsis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 38;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">City Design-Urban Design-Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 39;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Context, Capacity & Intensity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 40;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Examining Architecture Part 2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 41;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Form Follows Invention<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 42;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.6<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Logic & Knowledge in Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 43;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Parking Variances - A Glimpse into the Future<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 44;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.8<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Population and Intensity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 45;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.9<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Questions About City Planning & Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 46;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Recalling Michelangelo<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 47;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.11<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Shelter, Survival and Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 48;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.12<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Sustainability<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 49;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.13<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Vitruvius Revisited<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 50;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Common Imperative<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 51;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.2.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Intensity is Measurement for Survival<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 52;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.2.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Problem w City Planning<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 53;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.2.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">What is Architecture?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 54;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Introduction to Intensity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 55;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.3.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Recalling Linnaeus<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 56;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.3.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Symbiotic Goal<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 57;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.4.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">John Muir & Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 58;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.4.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Response to the Problems with City Planning<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 59;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.4.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Taking the Pulse of Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 60;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.5.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">First Priority of Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 61;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.6.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Architectural Education Dialogue Part 1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 62;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.6.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Architectural Education Dialogue Part 2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 63;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.6.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Architectural Education Dialogue Part 3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 64;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.6.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Core Issues Parts 1-2 Szymanik Inquiry<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 65;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.6.5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Five Categories of Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 66;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.6.6<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Harnessing Architectural Curriculum Pt 1-2-3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 67;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.6.7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Other Architectural Puzzle CG1B<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 68;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.7.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Criticism, Questions & Ideas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 69;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.7.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Relevance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 70;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.7.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Replacing the Floor Area Ratio<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 71;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.7.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Seriously<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 72;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.7.5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Significance of Gross Building Area<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 73;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.8.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Searching for Answers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 74;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.8.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Shelter, Space & Intensity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 75;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.9.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Plan with Architectural Intensity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 76;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Influence of Design Decisions<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 77;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.10.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Quantifying Intuition<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 78;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.11<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Built Domain<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 79;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Problem Solvers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 80;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.1.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Many Faces of Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 81;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Free Enterprise & Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 82;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.4.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Symbiotic Knowledge<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 83;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.5.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Sound Bytes from Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 84;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.6.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Commentary - Part 1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 85;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.6.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Leadership & Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 86;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.9.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Design Decisions That Matter<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 87;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.9.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Greatest Invention<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 88;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Repositioning<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 89;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.11.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Fundamental Questions<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 90;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">14.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Sustainability & First Ring Suburbs<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 91;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">14.1.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">To the Philippines & Malaysia<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 92;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">14.1.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Traffic Lights<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 93;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">14.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Scoundrels in Law<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 94;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">14.4.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Tacit Knowledge<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 95;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">14.5.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Reply to Tacit Knowledge Comment<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 96;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">14.11.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Plan Review<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 97;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Lesson from the Duomo<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 98;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15.1.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Reconsidering Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 99;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15.1.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Two Questions with Follow-up<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 100;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Fork in the Road<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 101;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15.2.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Architectural Practice and Profession<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 102;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15.2.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Comments Worth Pondering<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 103;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15.2.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Survival<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 104;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Design Leadership<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 105;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15.3.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Two Question Follow-up<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 106;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.7.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Advertise The Science of City Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 107;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.7.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Excerpts from The Science of City Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 108;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.7.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Science of City Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 109;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.8.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">City Planning & Design Basics<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 110;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.8.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Repeating Success<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 111;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.9.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Pop-up Urban Projects<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 112;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.9.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Shaping the Future With Opinion<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 113;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.9.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Urban Renewal<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 114;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Removing the Blindfold from Economic Development<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 115;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.10.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Human Scale<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 116;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.11.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Land Use & Urban Form<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 117;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.11.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Power, Policy & Planning<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 118;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.12.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Architecture, Agriculture & Planning<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 119;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.12.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Graduating from The Floor Area Ratio<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 120;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Restoring the Health of Cities<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 121;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Arguing for a Science of City Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 122;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.2.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Strategic Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 123;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.2.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Surface Parking Limits on Shelter Capacity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 124;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.2.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Concept<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 125;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.2.5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Updating a Comprehensive Plan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 126;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Adapting Our Cities to Reality<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 127;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.3.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Improving the Influence City Planning & Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 128;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.4.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Addendum to What is Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 129;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.4.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Townhouse & Apartment Density Exposed<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 130;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.5.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Cautionary Comment<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 131;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.6.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Debate Over Architectural Beauty & Taste<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 132;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.7.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Grenfell Tower<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 133;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.7.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Replacing Density - Updated<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 134;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.7.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Zoning Conflict & Opportunity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 135;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.8.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Competing to Consume<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 136;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.8.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Core Area Restrictions on Shelter Capacity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 137;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.8.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Future of Cities<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 138;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.8.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Understanding a Building Footprint<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 139;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.9.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Leading Shelter Capacity, Intensity and Context Results<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 140;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.9.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Future of Shelter<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 141;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Comparing Shelter Des Decisions 11.4rev<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 142;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.10.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">G1.R1 Single-family Detached Home Dilemma<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 143;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.12.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Reply to Architectural Criticism <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 144;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">18.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">An Expanded Role for Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 145;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">18.1.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Architectural Capacity & Shelter Intensity within a Limited
Built Domain <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 146;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">18.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Least a Smart City Should Know<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 147;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">18.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Elected & Appointed City Planning & Design Decisions<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 148;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">18.3.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Facing Reality on a Finite Planet<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 149;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">18.3.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Open Space Metric<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 150;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">18.6.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Learning to Lead the Formation of Cities<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 151;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">18.7.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Visualizing the City <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 152;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Correlating Economic & Real Estate Development<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 153;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Question from Kabul<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 154;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.3.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Back Cover<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 155;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.4.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Planning Our Presence<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 156;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.4.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Response to Bill Gates re Land Consumption<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 157;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.5.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Shelter Design Basics<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 158;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.6.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Collision of Architectural Opinion<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 159;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.6.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Shelter Sprawl<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 160;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.8.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Unstable Land Use Allocation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 161;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.9.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Larry Discussion<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 162;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Benefit of Land Use-Urban Form Correlation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 163;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">20.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Farmer Knows More<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 164;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">20.4.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Density and Covid-19<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 165;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">20.4.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Planning with Economic Development Homework<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 166;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">20.8.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Zoning Design Specifications<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 167;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: .2in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">20.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: .2in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Contributing Knowledge<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 168;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">20.12.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Measuring the Intensity of Place<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 169;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">21.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Design Decisions that Determine Apartment Density<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 170;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">21.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Design Decisions that Determine Single-Family Detached Housing
Density<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 171;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">21.3.2<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Design Decisions that Determine Townhouse Density<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 172;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">21.4.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Design Decisions that Determine Single-Family Subdivision
Density<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 173;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">21.7.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Land Use & Development Capacity Correlation<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 174;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">21.8.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Shelter, Sprawl, and Survival<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 175;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">21.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Equations of Urban Design<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 176;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">21.12.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Not Published - Architecture - Fine Art<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 177;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">22.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Concerning Our Presence on the Planet<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 178;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">22.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Consequences of City Design Decisions<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 179;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">22.7.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Urban Design<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 180;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">22.8.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Scientific Approach to Zoning Plan Review<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 181;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">22.9.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Shelter Capacity<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 182;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">22.12.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Land We Take for Granted<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 183;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">22.12.2<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Confronting Sprawl with an Adequate Language<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 184;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Interpreting the Planet's Law of Limits<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 185;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.1.2<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Zoning Plan Review<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 186;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Annexation<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 187;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.2.2<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Public Policy - City Design Disconnect<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 188;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.2.3<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Implications of Shelter Capacity Design Decisions<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 189;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.4.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Decisions Needed<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 190;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.4.2<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Pattern of a Master Plan<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 191;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.5<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Blog Directory<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 192;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.5.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Relationship between Genesis
1:28 and City Design<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 193;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.6<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Making the Argument for Shelter Capacity Evaluation<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 194;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.6.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Correlating the Decisions that Determine Density<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 195;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.7<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Confronting Sprawl<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 196;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.8<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Glimpse into the Shelter Capacity Spectrum<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 197;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.9<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Transitioning from Zoning to Urban Design<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 198;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.9.2<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Principles of Shelter Capacity Evaluation for Urban Design<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 199;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.9.3<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Sprawl<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 200;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Law of Limits<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 201;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.10.2<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Our Challenge<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 202;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.11.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Shelter Decisions We Face<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 203;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.11.2<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Response to Oana Bogden<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 204;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.11.3<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Architecture and the Language of Physical Design<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 205;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.11.4<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Choices and Decisions<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 206;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.12.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Correlation<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 207;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.12.2<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Zoning<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 208;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.12.3<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Shelter Capacity of Land<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 209;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">24.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">City Design for Economic Stability<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 210;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">24.1.2<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Measuring, Evaluating, and Predicting the Shelter Capacity and
Economic Potential of Land<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 211;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">24.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Decisions that Determine Density Impact<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 212;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">24.2.2<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Housing Shortage<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
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</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 213;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 214; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">*Essays in italics published after "Symbiotic
Architecture" compilation of essays available from Amazon.com<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
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</tbody></table>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-63240607697198860722024-02-18T08:55:00.001-05:002024-02-18T08:59:39.439-05:00The Housing Shortage<p>O<span style="background-color: white;">ur housing efforts have been tactical efforts by independent
builders </span><span style="background-color: white;">w</span><span style="background-color: white;">ithout strategic direction from an adequate research effort and
leadership language. Our response has in</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUadmjOtzt0PyP3oyJOoqOcxK_gTh_exf4Yb0PR5vtNvuWiqLBBpxYRIAIr2OGlK2MAyE8NpVNqzrI3Cj-fJqKf9Z2YnqL_DhlEY8y-57z9WKrx_xa4vpuAKpaextcdOpNkukewvjm0dDsw7Evtv8aZVLQ8NsVvEdw2dHQ_gQF-kPJnx_WCibLlKnolZ4m/s6000/royal%20lytham%20image.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6000" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUadmjOtzt0PyP3oyJOoqOcxK_gTh_exf4Yb0PR5vtNvuWiqLBBpxYRIAIr2OGlK2MAyE8NpVNqzrI3Cj-fJqKf9Z2YnqL_DhlEY8y-57z9WKrx_xa4vpuAKpaextcdOpNkukewvjm0dDsw7Evtv8aZVLQ8NsVvEdw2dHQ_gQF-kPJnx_WCibLlKnolZ4m/s320/royal%20lytham%20image.JPG" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="background-color: white;"><br />volved annexation, urban sprawl,
excessive intensity, and promiscuous consumption of agriculture and the natural
domain. These tactical efforts have been piecemeal solutions. They will not
solve the housing shortage without strategic direction from a leadership language
based on targeted data accumulation; a consistent method of measurement,
prediction and evaluation; a correlated mathematical foundation; and a library
of accumulating knowledge. This missing foundation is fertile ground for
divergent, often irreconcilable, opinions expressed during discordant,
undisciplined public hearings. It is encouraged when evidence-based credibility
is lacking and opposing opinion is based on unstable assumptions and/or
conflicting motivation. The result has been continuing growth and consumption
on a planet with limited land and resources.</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p> </o:p></span>The forecast models of Shelter Capacity Evaluation have been my
attempt to introduce a mathematical, measureable, and consistent vocabulary of design
specification topics for a series of building design categories. The values
assigned to these topics in the design specification template of a forecast
model are correlated by equations in the model to produce shelter capacity,
intensity, intrusion, and dominance implications for comparative assessment.
This is data that can be used for the evaluation of shelter capacity decisions that
involve site planning, building mass, pavement, and unpaved open space quantities
in project areas of any scale. Shelter capacity evaluation is directly related
to housing shortage solutions since shelter capacity predictions are based on
gross building area forecasts that represent housing capacity when used for
residential activity.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p> </o:p></span>Shelter capacity or gross building area per buildable acre is
produced by the design topic values entered in a building design category
template. These topic values are mathematically correlated to produce gross
building area, shelter capacity, and intensity predictions. These capacity results
can be evaluated long before building form and appearance become issues. This gives
us the opportunity to plan shelter for growing populations within a limited
Built Domain designed to protect their physical, social, and economic quality
of life while also preserving their source of life – the Natural Domain –
beyond these limits.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span>The
components of a design "recipe" have been called design
specifications topics. They are related to specific building design categories.
The quantities assigned to each topic are mathematically correlated to
determine the shelter capacity, intensity, intrusion, and dominance implied. The
recipe quantities determine the quality of the cake long before its form is
determined and its icing is applied.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span>It
takes knowledge to bake a cake. It takes talent to produce appearance. Talent is
a gift more than an education. It builds on a recipe. Shelter capacity recipes produce
shelter intensity, intrusion, and dominance that can be recorded and improved with
forecast model measurement, evaluation, and prediction. The effort can build
knowledge and lead the ensuing design and construction steps required to
shelter growing populations on limited land areas over generations. Shelter
capacity in a limited Built Domain is the issue that faces us - and it has a
mathematical foundation.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span>The
point of my effort has been to define the components of building design
category recipes so that their quantities can be measured, correlated, and
evaluated to assess the capacity and intensity results planned or present. This
can build knowledge that will permit us to lead shelter design within the
geographic limits of a Built Domain that can protect both the quality of life
for growing populations and their source of life - the Natural Domain. It will
not happen with our current dependence on annexation to correct land use
allocation and economic productivity errors that multiply like Ponzi in the
absence of more informed leadership and decision-making. Plenty of time will be
left to debate the appearance applied to the fundamental shelter capacity and
intensity decisions that determine our physical, social, and economic quality
of life on land that must be shared with the Natural Domain and is not without
end.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p> </o:p></span>During
my lifetime the focus has been on tactical shelter projects for the many
activities of growing populations. The focus has been on education, talent, and
experience without the kind of measurement, research, evaluation, and knowledge
accumulation that can support shelter capacity and design decisions with more
than opinion. The legal format for our current self-defeating, argumentative
process of land consumption without limit will not change until land use allocation
and shelter capacity decisions can be based on more than opinion.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> <br /></o:p></span><span style="background-color: transparent;">Walter M. Hosack: February, 2024</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-25198911859858079512024-01-25T08:36:00.005-05:002024-01-27T06:53:54.742-05:00Refining the Definition of Density - The Decisions That Determine Density Impact<p> I was asked what it would take to build 9 single-family
detached residential homes with no further information. I created the forecast
model included as Table 1 to explain the information needed to answer the
question. It begins with a land area specification in shaded cell F4, since an
answer cannot begin without a land area or average gross home area
specification.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Normally, a user is expected to enter design specification
values in the shaded cells of a forecast model. The values are correlated by an
algorithm and processed by a master equation to produce the predictions
calculated in its Planning Forecast Panel and Implications Module. A value change
in one or more of these shaded cells produces new predictions and implications
for evaluation. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In this example I’m filling in the information as a
demonstration of shelter capacity evaluation. I entered one total acre in cell
F4 and realized that this might have general educational value regarding the
term “density”.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The values requested in cells F5-F7 and F9 of the Lot Module
in Table 1 are used with subtraction to define the buildable land area in cell
F11. It is a critical point, in my opinion, because density calculations based
on gross or net land area can give a false, and lower, impression of the
density being considered when the land area used for the calculation includes
unbuildable area. We live in the density and intensity created on buildable
land. The rest is simply a view. It should not be used to distort measurement
of the quality of life created on habitable buildable land area.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I entered zero in cells F5-F7 and cell F9 to make the
template as generic as possible. I entered 70% in cell F12 because I was told
years ago that designers often assume 30% impervious cover as their storm sewer
capacity design standard. It may, or may not be accurate, but the 30% value
calculated in cell F13 from the value entered in cell F12 is based on this
assumption. It could be easily changed to reflect other values if desired.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I entered random values in the Pavement and Building Modules
of Table 1 to clarify the type of values expected, except for cell F33. The
value entered reflects the inquiry I received. Since the buildable land area in
cell F11 remains one acre in cell F11, the dwelling unit quantity requested now
represents a density of 9 dwelling units per buildable acre. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The values calculated in the Planning Forecast Panel reflect
the implications of the requested density when correlated with the other design
specification values entered in the Lot, Pavement, and Building Modules.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The average footprint area (FTP) found in Col. B of the
Planning Forecast Panel reflects the implications of the requested density when
correlated with the design specifications entered. It does not change with
floor quantity because it is the land remaining after all other two-dimensional
site plan demands are subtracted. These calculations show that the average
footprint remaining is smaller than the garage calculated in cell F27. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The values in cells F28 and F29 were entered to show that it
is possible to add bonus dwelling area (BON) over the garage. When this is
considered, the additional areas appear in Column C of the Planning Forecast
Panel.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Floor quantity (f) is multiplied by footprint area (FTP) and
combined with bonus area (BON) to arrive at the total home areas (HOME) calculated
in Col. D of the Planning Forecast Panel.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Garage area in cell F27 and accessory building area in cell
F31 is added to the home area calculated to arrive at the total building areas
(TBA) presented in Col. E of the Planning Forecast Panel. The related total
building area percentages of buildable land area are calculated in Col. F.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Gross, net, and buildable land area densities are calculated
in Col. G of the Planning Forecast Panel. In my opinion, density is a social
measurement that conveys little information about the physical design decisions
it is used to represent. These are the decisions that must be correlated before
leadership direction can hope to produce what it promises.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Implications Module introduces physical design
measurements based on the correlation of design specification values entered in
the template. Shelter capacity (SFAC) in Col. D is found by first multiplying
density per buildable area (dBAC) by the total building area values (TBA) found
in Col. E of the Planning Forecast Panel. The result is divided by the
buildable land area involved in acres to find the shelter capacity involved.
This conversion makes all shelter projects measureable and comparable.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">When shelter capacity is divided by 43,560 sq. ft. and
multiplied by the impervious cover percentage calculated in cell F13, the
result is a comparable measure of intensity (INT) that increases with floor
quantity as shown in Col. E of the Implications Module.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Intrusion is measured in Col. F of the Implications Module
by dividing 5 into the floor quantity under consideration.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The sum of shelter capacity, intensity, and intrusion
produces the physical dominance measurements calculated in Col. G of the
Implications Module. All of these measurements are based on the shelter
capacity (SFAC) values found in Col. D of the Implications Module and are meant
to be comparable among any and all shelter design projects and urban design
areas.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Implications Module calculates the correlated impact of
any chosen set of design specifications entered in the Design Specification
Template of a building design category forecast model. Density is produced by
these specifications. It does not lead them and is not comparable unless
accompanied by the design specifications involved. In other words, the Implications
Module produces the measurements needed to begin assessing and comparing the
results produced by design specification decisions. These are the physical
design decisions that establish a foundation for the shelter spaces, places, massing,
composition, and appearance that is built upon them by all ensuing design decisions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I could change any one or more of the design specification
values entered in the shaded cells of Table 1, except for the values entered in
cells F4 and F33, to arrive at a different set of results and implications
without changing the density calculated. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The greatest temptation facing a designer confronted with an
inadequate footprint calculation (FTP) would be to reduce the unpaved open
space percentage specified in cell F12. This would increase the remaining
footprint area calculated in cells B41-B49. It would also increase the
intensity measurements calculated in Col. E of the Implications Module - as
well as all others in the module. When present or proposed storm sewer capacity
is unknown, however, this decision to increase the impervious cover percentage could
compromise the available storm sewer capacity. Every plat and project approved
by a city, and every variance it grants for building cover and pavement
expansion without this impervious cover information runs the risk of adding to
a storm water burden that can result in flooding until corrected.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Any number of value changes could be made in the shaded
cells of Table 1 that would influence the results calculated in its Planning
and Implication Modules. I’m not here to render judgement. I am simply
attempting to explain how more rational, fundamental, correlated shelter design
decisions can be measured, evaluated, and chosen to lead our pursuit of shelter
for all our activities within a Built Domain that must be geographically
limited to protect its source of life. We cannot do this with the tools we presently
use. They have produced annexation, sprawl, excessive intensity, and a few
random success stories in pursuit of mindless growth. It will continue as long
as we remain unable to lead shelter capacity for the activities of growing
populations within geographic limits drawn to protect their quality and source
of life. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Walter M. Hosack: January, 2024<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYFT-lkD-0-XTYDNhOHqdbA0vaxqUEhLdNiWLiehYYImD4aQBO_ElnDNWn-NzB_6yc7IfWrHBpwbBNyeN2X1oSx-mSwwYI9TlY0plnzdLDTrP84Mz69kuGHJb8hX7cOlA5pJjjLV96kgGPy6qLLeZ5E5uGgU87f61ULKyZ31tvcsZHFi979KH9ngiQ_N4W/s3267/T1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3267" data-original-width="2532" height="910" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYFT-lkD-0-XTYDNhOHqdbA0vaxqUEhLdNiWLiehYYImD4aQBO_ElnDNWn-NzB_6yc7IfWrHBpwbBNyeN2X1oSx-mSwwYI9TlY0plnzdLDTrP84Mz69kuGHJb8hX7cOlA5pJjjLV96kgGPy6qLLeZ5E5uGgU87f61ULKyZ31tvcsZHFi979KH9ngiQ_N4W/w705-h910/T1.jpg" width="705" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-55114401671940227752024-01-10T09:18:00.001-05:002024-01-10T09:18:53.417-05:00Measuring, Evaluating, and Predicting the Shelter Capacity and Economic Potential of Land<p> The text referenced by the attached Table of Contents
explains the classification concepts and mathematical tools needed to improve
the analytical abilities of all public and private sector interests attempting
to evaluate, regulate, or predict the development capacity of land and its
revenue potential. Development capacity in this context means the gross
building area that can be accommodated by a given buildable land area. It is a
function of the design specification values and floor quantity options entered
in a forecast model related to a given building design category.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">When gross building area is divided by the buildable acres
occupied, the result is the shelter capacity per acre produced by the design category
and specification values chosen. This shelter capacity value makes the
development capacity results produced by any set of design specification values
comparable. Shelter capacity also has intensity, intrusion, and dominance
implications that can be measured, compared, and related to their impact on the
surrounding area when shelter capacity can be predicted or measured.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The combination of capacity and intensity measurement
combines with activity revenue per sq. foot of gross building area capacity to
indicate a project’s contribution to a city’s total average cost per acre to
operate, maintain, and improve its benefit to the community. A project may
provide more or less than the municipal average required, but the objective is
not to target individual contributions. It is to determine the scope of total future
contributions needed to improve the city average produced per year. This will
take a combined public / private effort that cannot be pursued without a common
set of comparable analytical tools. These are listed in the Table of Contents
I’m attaching.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The tools are only as good as the specification values used
by a building design category master equation. These values require research,
measurement, and knowledge formation since they currently depend on individual
experience and opinion for selection.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Table of Contents I’m attaching lists the forecast
models I’ve mentioned. They offer the opportunity to improve our leadership
ability with the measurement, evaluation, and knowledge formation they enable.<o:p></o:p></p>
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Walter M. Hosack: January, 2024</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN71tmYDwS0l9wXae47TTBBEAfWPgLthNgP49EiX-okwJTTwXvSHvPAu4FwTVLKUEur-0ZMvRD0P4OV3RFjhMNXa0S6NK-44Zet3BN6bkHqimCuLmVKiXy1ukxuWz-fm6Dtk05R8KB-3dqCd7adUpWyrB29CDDBa10Xh8Pcob-zGT55U8Ui-68IXKUdRaD/s8035/p1hjpqr6kp7da9r3i4s1pll8ea4-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="8035" data-original-width="2534" height="2130" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN71tmYDwS0l9wXae47TTBBEAfWPgLthNgP49EiX-okwJTTwXvSHvPAu4FwTVLKUEur-0ZMvRD0P4OV3RFjhMNXa0S6NK-44Zet3BN6bkHqimCuLmVKiXy1ukxuWz-fm6Dtk05R8KB-3dqCd7adUpWyrB29CDDBa10Xh8Pcob-zGT55U8Ui-68IXKUdRaD/w672-h2130/p1hjpqr6kp7da9r3i4s1pll8ea4-1.jpg" width="672" /></a><div><br /><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span><div><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div></div>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-2561901261883890692024-01-06T08:47:00.001-05:002024-01-06T08:47:58.423-05:00City Design for Economic Stability<p> There are several prerequisites I need to cover before I get
to the title of this essay.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-G6eyIimba4wuR-OrulfrZBN6LVVbRGOHfj5c-1_LbCe00IdgsBuBMe0oCzI4XbxJfFTH07xwDZlQBr_nL_s27r1YBEEq8zR2fsyjKD6tiLD729a_dYn9k3yFLGvihCDbzk03xVuALIkZ_bwFRAAffSTblKyT2nLOmOCVVkL-0QQVowhf2STMvGZXWTzE/s689/Gates%20aerial%20paint.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="256" data-original-width="689" height="113" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-G6eyIimba4wuR-OrulfrZBN6LVVbRGOHfj5c-1_LbCe00IdgsBuBMe0oCzI4XbxJfFTH07xwDZlQBr_nL_s27r1YBEEq8zR2fsyjKD6tiLD729a_dYn9k3yFLGvihCDbzk03xVuALIkZ_bwFRAAffSTblKyT2nLOmOCVVkL-0QQVowhf2STMvGZXWTzE/w303-h113/Gates%20aerial%20paint.jpg" width="303" /></a></div>In general, gross building area may be occupied by any
activity. It is a product of design specification values and floor quantity
choices that combine to produce degrees of shelter capacity per buildable acre
occupied. <o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Shelter capacity (SFAC) is gross building area (GBA) per
buildable acre (BAC) of land (SFAC = GBA/BAC). The revenue potential of land is
a function of its location, shelter capacity and occupant activity. The sq. ft.
of shelter capacity per buildable acre multiplied by the revenue potential of
occupant activity per sq. ft. determines the revenue potential of the gross
building area and buildable acres occupied. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Shelter capacity quantities produce degrees of intensity.
These degrees are equal to shelter capacity times the impervious cover
percentage present divided by 10,000. (INT = SFAC*IMP% / 10,000)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The acres allocated to various land use activities are
determined by a city’s master plan and zoning plan, but they have not been
correlated with the shelter capacity, intensity, and activity options that determine
the revenue potential of these acres. This has made economic planning a
guessing game. This brief explanation should reveal how little we know about city
design for the economic self-sufficiency of cities across the acres that
represent its investment portfolio. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We have not been able to mathematically predict the gross
building area potential of buildable land area under any given set of design
specifications. This has meant that we have not been able to consistently and
accurately predict the shelter capacity of a land use allocation plan. It is a
critical point, because the intensity of activity placed on a buildable acre of
land determines its revenue potential, but excessive intensity can produce
misery. Inadequate attention to the relationship of shelter capacity to
intensity and activity produces annexation and sprawl attempting to solve an
immediate budget deficit. There is no way to resolve this guessing game without
improved knowledge and forecasting ability. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I have shown in my essays and books that we can
mathematically predict gross building area, shelter capacity, and intensity
options for a given buildable land area based on a given building design
category and value options entered in the category’s design specification
template. This is only a one piece of the puzzle however. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We do not know the average revenue potential per sq. ft. of
various occupant activities. A building can be occupied by any activity, but we
are not presently able to correlate shelter capacity and intensity with the
revenue potential of various activities to produce a desired revenue stream
from the square feet and acres occupied. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The lack of shelter capacity forecasting ability and revenue
knowledge per sq. ft. of occupant activity means that a city cannot correlate
its two-dimensional land use allocation plan with its three-dimensional revenue
potential. Annexation and excessive intensity will continue their search for
new revenue to solve immediate budget deficits until our mathematical measurement,
evaluation, and prediction of revenue potential per acre of shelter capacity
and activity allocation makes it possible to predict longer term solutions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TABLE 1<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><b>I</b>’d like to
begin explaining myself by introducing Table 1. It applies to all buildings
served by a grade parking lot around but not under the structure on the same
premise when gross land area is given. The building design category is referred
to as G1. The Design Specification Template in this table itemizes the topics
whose quantities are used to produce shelter capacity and intensity predictions.
</span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">Land Module </span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">The
measurements entered in the gray cells of Column G in Table 1 are those of the
project entitled Bradenton Office. They are the traditional square foot
measurements of architecture. Subtraction is used to define a new area I’ve
referred to as “shelter area remaining” in cell G17 of the table. It is
composed of impervious cover in cell G19 and unpaved open space in cell G20.
The amount of impervious cover available in G19 is found by subtracting the
amount of unpaved open space in cell G11 from the buildable land area available
in cell G10. It also represents the storm sewer runoff capacity required. The
corresponding percentages in Column F track the quantity allocations measured
in Column G.</span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">Core Module</span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">The objective
of the seven gray boxes in cells G23-G29 in Table 1 is to identify all
miscellaneous pavements that reduce the impervious cover remaining for parking
lot and building footprint area. The sum of these miscellaneous impervious
areas is located in cell G30. It is subtracted from the impervious area
available in cell G19 to find the impervious area remaining in cell G33. This
is the core area (CORE) that is available for surface parking and building
footprint area. This definition makes the creation of master equations for the
prediction of gross building area options within a defined core area feasible.
Table 2 will explain this in more detail.</span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">Two-hundred
and sixty parking spaces were provided in the Bradenton site plan for an
average of 420.5 square feet per space as calculated in cell A35. The parking
space quantity provided was equal to a provision of one space for every 250
gross square feet of building area. This is calculated in cell A36. The floor
quantity involved was noted as 3 in cell A46.</span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">Planning
Forecast Panel</span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">The Bradenton
footprint consumed 21,667 square feet of its core area as noted in cell C46.
The three floors noted in cell A46 transformed the footprint into 65,000 square
feet of gross building area as noted in cell B46. The remaining 109,330 square
feet of core area was used for the parking lot measured in cell D46. </span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">The 65,000 sq.
ft. gross building area noted is a generalized measurement referred to as
building mass. Mass is equal to floor plan area times floor quantity when floor
plan area is defined by a simplified building perimeter that ignores
architectural enhancement. The result is an indication of building volume, or
mass, that encloses all detail and combines with pavement to form impervious
cover. It is offset by the unpaved open space quantity provided in cell F11. </span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">Implications
Module</span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">The
implications of the massing and impervious cover just measured are calculated
by the equations in cells F43–J43 of the Implications Module. The first of
these equations explains that the specification values entered in the gray
cells of Table 1 combine to produce 12,428 square feet of shelter area per buildable
acre. This is referred to as shelter capacity. The second explains that the
shelter capacity calculated represents an intensity of 0.752 in cell G46. The
third explains that the 3 story height produces an intrusion value of 0.6, and
the fourth explains that the sum of intensity and intrusion produces a
dominance value of 1.352. This is the point where evaluation can begin based on
objective classification, measurement, and comparison of the place created. </span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">The project I
chose for this example is located on a street with low pedestrian and vehicular
volumes. If the volumes were greater, the intensity of 0.752 could have been
multiplied by a factor greater than 1 for each mode and level of adjacent
traffic. In fact, the basic intensity value could be multiplied by a number of
related factors such as sound pressure level and air quality to refine the
sophistication of the measurement.</span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">I do not
intend to offer an evaluation of the measurements presented in Table 1. My
objective is to demonstrate that it is possible to classify and consistently measure
the places we create for evaluation, knowledge accumulation, and consistent
leadership definition. Conclusions will always remain in the realm of opinion.
The challenge is to give these opinions greater credibility with the method of
knowledge formation employed.</span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">Economic
Implications</span><span style="background: yellow; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">We will
continue to blindly pursue annexation and isolated economic development
projects in an attempt to plug annual budget shortfalls until we understand the
revenue implications of shelter capacity, intensity, and activity combinations on
every parcel within the boundaries of our master and zoning plans. Until this
time, both annexation and economic development will continue to have short term
frames of reference that cannot measure their comprehensive contribution to a
city’s long term economic stability. </span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">If I knew the
total real estate, income, and miscellaneous tax revenue from Bradenton’s 65,000
sq. feet of gross building area I’d be able to make a more compelling presentation
regarding its contribution to its city’s long term economic stability. As it
is, I can only present the opportunity since the data and knowledge required is
scattered in several independent silos that frustrate correlated city design
evaluation. </span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">If total
Bradenton revenue were known, it could be divided by its gross building area to
determine its revenue yield per sq. ft. This is the first piece of the puzzle.
The shelter capacity of the Bradenton project has been calculated in cell F46
of Table 1 as 12,428 sq. ft. per buildable acre. If this shelter capacity were
multiplied by Bradenton’s activity revenue potential per square foot, the
product would indicate the project’s revenue per buildable acre. This is the
second piece of the puzzle. It is interesting but becomes significant when
compared to a city’s total average revenue yield per buildable acre. </span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">The puzzle
involves a simple question. Does the Bradenton revenue yield per buildable acre
provide more or less that the city’s average annual cost per buildable acre to
operate, maintain, and improve the city for all of its residents? The question’s
objective is not to target the performance of a single project, however.
Individual performance can be confidential information that is aggregated by
block, tract, zoning district, and so on to answer the same question. </span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;">The objective
is to produce a picture of a city’s financial performance that can be adjusted
to produce an average revenue yield per acre equal to a city’s average cost per
acre. This does not mean that all activity must yield a revenue surplus. It
means that the surplus and deficits must combine to produce the average revenue
required. It all depends on how a city allocates it land use activity, shelter
capacity, and physical intensity to produce yield in the form of revenue. At
this point, a farmer knows more about his land than a city.</span><strong><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">TABLE 2<o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;">Table 1
presented the capacity and intensity implications of one set of project
measurements related to a given land area and three story building. Table 2
uses the same given land area, but illustrates the options that can be
predicted when percentage values replace the square foot measurements entered
in the gray cells of Table 1. Percentages equal to the areas presented are
entered in the gray cells of Col. F in Table 2. Their square foot implications
are forecast in Col. G and can be compared to Table 1.</span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">The master
equation entered in cell B39 of Table 2 applies to Building Design Category G1
and has been added to predict gross building area options for the floor
quantity options entered in cells A44-A53. The ability to accurately predict
gross building area options in cells B44-B53 will become increasingly important
as we attempt to coordinate shelter capacity with intensity, activity,
location, and economic potential in geographic areas that are limited to
protect our source of life. </span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;">The existing
Bradenton Office project is classified by the data on line 46 of Table 2, but
the table illustrates that an unlimited number of shelter capacity options were
available during the Bradenton planning stage. Floor quantity choices are only
one example of the options that were available. In addition, the gross building
area calculations change whenever one or more of the gray cell specification
values is modified. Rapid calculation of these options will become increasingly
helpful as we attempt to balance shelter demand for activity with the quality
of life produced by increasing intensity and economic potential per buildable
acre. These are the strategic decisions that will be required to avoid a
continuation of sprawl and its promiscuous consumption of land in both the
Built and Natural Domains. Tables 3 and 4 have been created to illustrate how
these options can be created with a few keystrokes.</span><strong><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">TABLE 3 <o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;">I haven’t
changed the land area under consideration in Table 3 in order to facilitate
comparison with Tables 1 and 2, but have adjusted three primary points of
discussion. The amount of unpaved open space planned in cell F11 has been
reduced to 25%. The amount of parking lot area per space has been reduced to
400 sq. ft. in cell A35 (This means that little landscape area and minimum
parking lot dimensions will be provided within the parking lot perimeter.), and
the parking requirement in cell A36 has been reduced to one space for every 300
square feet of gross building area. The result is an increase in gross building
area potential from 65,000 square feet to 97,435 square feet and an increase in
shelter capacity from 12,428 square feet to 18,630 square feet per acre when
the same floor quantity is considered. Given the same activity and revenue
potential per sq. ft., this increase in gross building area represents an
obvious increase in economic potential per buildable acre and per square foot
of gross building area. Intensity increases from 0.752 to 1.397, however; and
dominance increases from 1.044 to 1.997. </span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;">I don’t mean
to imply that the intensity increase above is desirable. I am simply trying to
illustrate the efficiency of evaluation that can be produced with a standard
classification and measurement system for the Shelter Division of our Built
Domain. At this point, we only recognize excessive intensity when we see it.
Now that we can measure its presence, however, we may gain the knowledge needed
to define the condition. If the previous intensities are considered too great,
for instance, Table 4 can be produced to adjust these parameters with a few
keystrokes. </span><strong><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">TABLE 4<o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;">The open space
value in cell F11 has been revised to 50% in Table 4. The parking
specifications in cells A35 and A36 have been changed from Table 3 to equal
those used in Tables 1 and 2. These changes reduce the 3 story gross building
area to 53,719 sq. ft. in cell A46 of Table 4. The Planning Forecast Panel in
Table 4 also shows that increasing the floor quantity to 10 in cell A53 cannot
return gross building area potential to its Table 2 quantity of 65,000 sq. ft. when
the unpaved open space percentage is increased from 39.5% to 50%. The trade-off
involved should be obvious.</span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">The intensity
calculated in cell G53 for the 10 story building is less than that calculated
for the 3 story building in Table 1 because 50% unpaved open space has been
provided, but the intrusion and dominance calculated in cells H53 and T53 are
much greater because of the increased floor quantity.</span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;">This example
attempts to show the trade-offs involved when shelter capacity, activity, and
intensity measurement become coordinated elements of design evaluation. The
introduction of three-dimensional evaluation across all buildable acres of a
city can make the shelter capacity evaluation associated with city design an
essential contribution to city planning strategy, financial security, and
leadership direction.</span><strong><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">CITY DESIGN<o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;">Tables 1-4
addressed a 5.23 acre project with optional values entered in a single building
design category template that included a design specification template, core
module, planning forecast panel, and implications module. The tables
illustrated the ability to forecast gross building area options that had
shelter capacity, intensity, intrusion, and dominance implications. The text
also emphasized that the ability to accurately and consistently predict gross
building area options enabled predictions for many additional topics that were
a function of these gross building area options, and the revenue potential of
these options was emphasized.</span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">The message is
not limited to single project design however. The correlation of shelter
capacity, intensity, activity, and location throughout a city will determine
its social and economic stability. A two-dimensional land use plan supplemented
with a zoning ordinance does not have the scope required. </span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">The term for
this city-wide three-dimensional effort to correlate shelter capacity,
intensity, activity, and location within geographic limits defined to protect
our quality and source of life is city design. A portion of its language has
been illustrated by Tables 1-4. Smaller scale design efforts are referred to as
urban design. The titles are not significant however. The common specification
language in Tables 1-4 is the message, since it permits consistent measurement,
evaluation, and leadership definition that can repeat success and avoid failure
when research builds the specification knowledge required.</span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">Tables 1-4
address one building design category. Six are used to shelter most activity on
the planet. The correlation of these six building design categories and their
specifications across all municipal land is city design. It produces the three-dimensional
physical presence we have referred to as urban form, composition, texture,
pattern, and so on; but these results have been arbitrary because specification
knowledge has been an incomplete and uncorrelated contribution to a consistent leadership
language. In my opinion, it has produced more sprawl and excessive intensity
that design success and economic stability.</span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;">The design
specification topics in Tables 1-4 represent a consistent vocabulary for the G1
Building Design Category. The five remaining categories use the same template
format but expand on the topics involved. Together, these topics itemize the
value decisions that lead physical design toward the visible results that
symbolize the decisions made.</span><strong><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .15pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">POSTSCRIPT<o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;">There are 17
gray cell decisions and 10 floor quantity choices in Tables 2-4. They have been
mathematically correlated to produce the gross building area, shelter capacity,
and intensity options presented. A change to one or more of these topic values
will produce a new forecast. This should indicate the complexity of the design
relationships involved and the integrated correlation required to provide
informed leadership direction within a limited Built Domain that must learn to
respect what is not property but its source of life. </span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #303336; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; padding: 0in;">Walter M.
Hosack: January, 2024</span><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga3wTgwUlBpTQKJbvlW_-HtKfQK3pgCYJ_IVHYedDR4-KX2Jl1l4n0KphhLFXZWx8UJGRqH5XdvXlKg1TzTOwVBkYhyphenhyphenh4Ij93nsZO39aT1CiDzos4a-XLOpKuVJVPb41gkgh7XWqguPGrMintT4Ry3Ipm2kwladFZpTFR5PigUtYfSsLGOc96ZErBaUzVR/s1535/T1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1535" data-original-width="1058" height="953" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga3wTgwUlBpTQKJbvlW_-HtKfQK3pgCYJ_IVHYedDR4-KX2Jl1l4n0KphhLFXZWx8UJGRqH5XdvXlKg1TzTOwVBkYhyphenhyphenh4Ij93nsZO39aT1CiDzos4a-XLOpKuVJVPb41gkgh7XWqguPGrMintT4Ry3Ipm2kwladFZpTFR5PigUtYfSsLGOc96ZErBaUzVR/w658-h953/T1.jpg" width="658" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbgcsZUteY7KViYnDnAtLsSPiRGQJLZasTkhmNv0-UI3yMRzB2wqpA6_nYMDMfzFRR6Iv8cFUmVy7IDqrRpjJFW7TnNTG5iiP6lQt8DmJ_rupcY40PtOLsUgDh3iTW7qTjqB4xxj0AXoiOoAVi5AVuW4kcvcquilSjwc3EvyZRFaGxEI8_DszfDWbMrUPr/s1535/T2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1535" data-original-width="1058" height="856" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbgcsZUteY7KViYnDnAtLsSPiRGQJLZasTkhmNv0-UI3yMRzB2wqpA6_nYMDMfzFRR6Iv8cFUmVy7IDqrRpjJFW7TnNTG5iiP6lQt8DmJ_rupcY40PtOLsUgDh3iTW7qTjqB4xxj0AXoiOoAVi5AVuW4kcvcquilSjwc3EvyZRFaGxEI8_DszfDWbMrUPr/w592-h856/T2.jpg" width="592" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju6Zu2YZJz9cQBpqr_9b2FBwM6wwink1MqQHmu7bYqCbNgJJjtV9vck44OXxvW605nAdMGpyp6GUgdxE-lgMLcNL5stPNpVF7bvvu1tlV88acPnZxw1TLtwLS6f9Wxs5OpJyk0axiVQGVsindeBjDGMFLCCdMZZyHan0O0uy6g0cDC0Da6AmVrIkTknjm6/s1535/T3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1535" data-original-width="1058" height="876" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju6Zu2YZJz9cQBpqr_9b2FBwM6wwink1MqQHmu7bYqCbNgJJjtV9vck44OXxvW605nAdMGpyp6GUgdxE-lgMLcNL5stPNpVF7bvvu1tlV88acPnZxw1TLtwLS6f9Wxs5OpJyk0axiVQGVsindeBjDGMFLCCdMZZyHan0O0uy6g0cDC0Da6AmVrIkTknjm6/w604-h876/T3.jpg" width="604" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTFsKE8AnDf5Jd4Zh-vaJEG4IBoODF7akMajy2RmghbyExMZq9oINyjBkAzkIysqMJCQa6Aiy71zhMHfhPufNS_boIdSt49NfQM1FUkuEwshYfGjjwxeSvWizALEP4Xl4RVi5Y7iuNv1fqOiComxpng4Gb67ci1Lxpl1zHt7qIYqdn_0T5VITttUnnPMc8/s1535/T4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1535" data-original-width="1058" height="886" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTFsKE8AnDf5Jd4Zh-vaJEG4IBoODF7akMajy2RmghbyExMZq9oINyjBkAzkIysqMJCQa6Aiy71zhMHfhPufNS_boIdSt49NfQM1FUkuEwshYfGjjwxeSvWizALEP4Xl4RVi5Y7iuNv1fqOiComxpng4Gb67ci1Lxpl1zHt7qIYqdn_0T5VITttUnnPMc8/w612-h886/T4.jpg" width="612" /></a></div><br /><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #303336; font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; padding: 0in;"><br /></span><p></p>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-23055834149834982892023-12-19T09:28:00.003-05:002023-12-19T09:28:40.327-05:00The Shelter Capacity of Land<p><b>The shelter capacity
of land combines with occupant activities to determine the economic stability and
social potential of a city.</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEuBFNl0i1veshm_xoOKIl1pL-x6S0pCFjCeSgVakQGn1gTy05VmHHSZ7huFWKHYnXTS9etyT-2f4znNBQufhs9tG93CpJmmd84_rrV5ycAJJvjxML-gKp4BdhOHEQuGs-wcp4j4owOgUvSapV7nuTYHZ1MQN3xtXPd3dToI3XHzN_lCe4cCVyglRV909y/s270/great%20plains.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="148" data-original-width="270" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEuBFNl0i1veshm_xoOKIl1pL-x6S0pCFjCeSgVakQGn1gTy05VmHHSZ7huFWKHYnXTS9etyT-2f4znNBQufhs9tG93CpJmmd84_rrV5ycAJJvjxML-gKp4BdhOHEQuGs-wcp4j4owOgUvSapV7nuTYHZ1MQN3xtXPd3dToI3XHzN_lCe4cCVyglRV909y/s1600/great%20plains.jpg" width="270" /></a></div>Shelter capacity is gross building area per buildable acre. Shelter
capacity and revenue per square foot of occupant activity combine to produce
estimated revenue per buildable acre. The urban design of shelter capacity,
intensity, and activity within a limited jurisdiction makes financial stability
and quality of life a realistic objective. It is a function of the correlated
urban design decisions involved. Their mathematical correlation has been
missing, however; and the substitute has been annexation searching for economic
stability with sprawl. Stability, however, has had little definition beyond a
balanced annual budget that has often been cut to meet the objective. <o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Stability depends on a mix of shelter capacity, physical
inte<br />nsity, and occupant activity adequately distributed on land within a city’s
boundaries. I’ve written about the building design categories, forecast models
and design specification decisions associated with gross building area
prediction and shelter capacity calculation in many essays and several books. These
specification topic decisions are primary urban design decisions that shape the
ensuing physical form and space, social activity, and economic stability of
cities. Fortunately, they have a mathematical foundation that can be used to
correlate these decisions and form a leadership language for city design. I’ve
written about this mathematical format, knowledge formation, and leadership
potential in four books and over 200 essays. I’ll refer to these sources for
those who wish to learn more. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A building may be occupied by any activity. The collection
of building heights and areas in a city is referred to as urban form, fabric,
composition, and so on. The entire collection of buildings is part of the
Shelter Division of a Built Domain that is served by its Movement, Open Space,
and Life Support Divisions. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The shelter capacity represented by a building introduces
levels of intensity, intrusion, and dominance to the surrounding area based on
the floor quantity and design specifications chosen. This building is occupied
by activity that increases its value as a public revenue asset. The building,
however,<span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;"> </span>consumes a
portion of a city’s land that is its investment portfolio. The yield from this
portfolio depends on the mix of shelter capacity, physical intensity, and
occupant activity occupying each parcel of the city’s land area. It is not just
about land use compatibility therefore. It is about the correlation of land use
activity with shelter capacity and intensity decisions on every parcel in order
to yield the total average revenue per buildable acre required to equal a
city’s total expense per acre. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The creation of urban space, building mass and physical intensity
has been a preoccupation of architecture, landscape architecture, and urban
design. Compatible land use activity has been a preoccupation of city planning,
zoning, and real estate law. However, the two are inextricably linked. Shelter
capacity produces levels of intensity, intrusion, and dominance based on the
floor quantity and design specifications chosen. When it is occupied by
activity, it produces revenue per square foot of activity and per acre of
buildable land occupied. Excessive intensity is produced by the quantity of
shelter capacity introduced per buildable acre when enhanced revenue is the
objective. The level of intensity produced and resulting revenue benefit has
been a matter of argument and opinion, but it can all be mathematically measured,
evaluated, and predicted to improve future leadership direction.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In other words, economic stability and a desirable quality
of life are functions of the balance planned for shelter capacity, activity,
and intensity on every parcel in a city’s inventory. These parcels represent a
city’s investment portfolio. The relationship of shelter capacity, activity,
and intensity permitted or encouraged on every parcel within its boundaries yields
revenue that determines the quality of life it can provide. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I am aware of no city that has the data, equipment, and
personnel needed to continuously evaluate the balance of shelter capacity,
activity, and intensity it needs to financially maintain the quality of life it
desires within sustainable limits on every parcel within its boundaries. I
admit, however, that I am no scholar with comprehensive knowledge of the
resources being applied. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>The accurate compilation
of gross building area per buildable acre for every parcel in a government
jurisdiction is a pivotal scientific measurement. It can be the foundation for urban
design research and progress toward economic stability and a desirable quality
of life.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Shelter capacity can be predicted as well as measured. The
result can be converted to the level of intensity introduced to the site and surrounding
area by the buildings, parking, pavement, and unpaved open space planned. The
fact that it can be predicted introduces the opportunity to mathematically plan
the three-dimensional form of shelter capacity within a city to accommodate the
mix and scope of activity needed for the revenue required. This also offers the
opportunity to produce spatial arrangements of building mass, parking,
pavement, and unpaved open space that improve the places created and quality of
life encouraged within the Shelter Division of the Built Domain.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A home on five acres has a shelter capacity measurement. A
50 story office high rise on a one acre parcel has a shelter capacity
measurement. Both measurements reside within a mathematical spectrum of shelter
capacity options. Their location in the spectrum is a function of the building
design category chosen, the design specification values entered in the
category’s template, and the floor quantity option under consideration. The
result is an urban design definition with three-dimensional implications that can
be used to conserve land, evaluate potential, and lead the space and form of
cities toward shelter compositions that serve the many activities of growing
populations. The intent is to find a leadership language that can lead everyone
to protect our quality and source of life. It will involve shelter design
decisions applied within limited geographic areas defined by science to protect
our source of life.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The shelter capacity, intensity, intrusion, and dominance
implications of mathematical urban design decisions have physical, social, psychological,
environmental, and economic implications. These implications can be measured with
shelter capacity evaluation, and definitions will make it possible to
consistently lead shelter capacity, intensity, and activity toward physical,
social, and economic objectives on every parcel within a city. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Shelter capacity
occupied by taxable activity produces revenue per gross building square foot
and per buildable acre occupied. <o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Unfortunately, we do not have a research library of revenue
ranges per square foot of activity option and have not been able to accurately
predict the shelter capacity of land. These are two of the tactical problems
that must be solved to avoid consuming the Natural Domain with a Built Domain
that is an unrecognized threat. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Cities have not been able to accurately, consistently, and expeditiously
multiply the shelter capacity of their buildable acres times the revenue
potential of optional occupant activities. This has obstructed their ability to
correlate shelter capacity and activity at the parcel level, which is the
building block of its physical, social, and economic security. The wrong
combination within a city’s master plan and zoning plan can easily lead to
budget deficits, annexation, sprawl, and eventual decline; or excessive
intensity, congestion, and the misery this implies.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Shelter capacity can be multiplied by estimated revenue per
gross square foot of activity. The result can be divided by the buildable acres
occupied to determine the project’s contribution to a city’s total average
annual expense per buildable acre. Some land will produce less and some more
than the city average required. The total average revenue from all taxable acres
occupied, however, must equal the city’s total annual expense per acre to
operate. This may explain why the relationship of shelter capacity and
intensity on every acre within an urban composition is so important to a city’s
economic stability. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Annexation is not the
answer.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A city may resort to the annexation of land for activity
that produces new revenue when its total current revenue does not meet its total
annual expense. The totals may balance and solve an immediate problem, but the total
is no guarantee of financial security over time. The public expense of the
annexed area per acre may eventually overtake the new money produced by the
activity introduced. The result is continuing annexation for new revenue from
land whose contribution to the annual budget may decline as age increases its annual
maintenance expense. In this case, annexation decisions solve current problems but
cannot monitor future performance with the data management required to correlate
urban design decisions with their financial implications. It will be extremely
difficult, if not impossible, to overcome the desire to annex new land for the
wrong capacity, intensity, and activity choices as long as political decisions lack
the comprehensive information and evaluation required to correlate urban design
decisions with their financial implications.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The average revenue per buildable acre in a city must equal
a city’s total annual expense per acre. This reconciliation does not mean that
the city is providing a desirable quality of life, however. The financial
balance represented by the collection of activities and shelter capacities
permitted in its zoning plan is not frequently and efficiently monitored at the
parcel, block, tract, of zoning district level and may not be producing the
total revenue needed to meet its objectives. The knee jerk response is a
political debate over essential and non-essential public services that can be
eliminated to reduce public expense. This can be true for any city with, or
without, annexation possibilities.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In most if not all cases a city has not gathered and
correlated the data needed to evaluate the quantities of activity required for
the revenue needed to provide and sustain the quality of life it desires over
time. This occurs because it does not understand the shelter capacity of its buildable
acres and cannot correlate this square foot shelter capacity with activity that
can provide the revenue needed per square foot to sustain its annual budget. In
addition, it cannot monitor these relationships over time because it does not
have the commitment, agency cooperation, department cooperation, personnel, and
digital tools required to pursue the effort.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Prerequisite<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It is a simple concept obstructed by the need to accurately,
quickly, and credibly calculate the shelter capacity of buildable land area
given many floor quantity options, and the revenue potential per square foot of
optional occupant activities. Without this information, it will be impossible
to tell if a shelter project proposal will provide the revenue needed per acre
to contribute to a city’s average expense per acre over time; or if it must be subsidized
by other contributions. It will also be impossible to diagnose a city’s current
economic health and consider optional remedies that may affect how it plans for
the future use of land within its boundaries. This is not simply about the compatibility
of adjacent activity in a two-dimensional plan. The land represents a city’s investment
portfolio. The way it is allocated with three-dimensional urban design decisions
will determine its economic and social performance within limited geographic
areas. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The city design challenge is complicated by the data
complexity associated with every parcel in a city. We have undertaken to
forecast the weather, however. Forecasting shelter capacity and its implications
on a planet with limited land will involve a reduced level of research and
information management, but involve decisions that are within our power to
make.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>CONCLUSION<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">If you agree with the discussion above, you may agree that
the problem begins at the parcel level of township, village, city, county, and
region formation. At this level, relational databases, geographic information
systems, three-dimensional massing, economic performance, social impact, and
spatial composition enter an urban design universe that cannot succeed without
improved correlation among many currently isolated professions. It is a simple
proposition. We must lead the distribution of shelter capacity, activity, and
intensity for growing populations toward financial and social stability within
limited geographic areas that protect our quality and source of life.<o:p></o:p></p>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Walter M. Hosack: December, 2023</span>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-91548893618376964552023-12-06T07:04:00.009-05:002023-12-06T07:04:52.106-05:00ZONING POTENTIAL for URBAN DESIGN LEADERSHIP<p> A Note to Michael Ytterburg, Architect</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCl-iXZTcq-hJnMxVgb9ZZETBuDo0NboDpwgNxL9Ws0THMYmMxkpqikw7J2qZMQtixD0d7-wSY_b7DbPsyqvo2iAZb-rpT7DKUSKFq2OAdEdYtpyDrVEHIy756oCtpvkWCFr8yqTA3pEGFHfgzVe_AdQdwwbb5z9AkFDg11jISxQXkwVPqWOg1kbJCMdqG/s581/computer%20pic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="581" data-original-width="560" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCl-iXZTcq-hJnMxVgb9ZZETBuDo0NboDpwgNxL9Ws0THMYmMxkpqikw7J2qZMQtixD0d7-wSY_b7DbPsyqvo2iAZb-rpT7DKUSKFq2OAdEdYtpyDrVEHIy756oCtpvkWCFr8yqTA3pEGFHfgzVe_AdQdwwbb5z9AkFDg11jISxQXkwVPqWOg1kbJCMdqG/s320/computer%20pic.jpg" width="308" /></a></div>You have touched on a potential urban design leadership
language, but it is in the hands of those who do not understand the
comprehensive mathematical correlation required to avoid contradictory physical
design direction. Without adequate leadership, project design decisions and
direction can arbitrarily consume the land while producing either random sprawl
or excessive intensity. This is particularly true when annexation opportunities
are available. When they aren’t, excessive intensity on limited land area becomes
a very real possibility. <o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Land-locked cities have not had annexation alternatives. This
has often forced them to struggle with decline, limited economic development, eminent
domain, and excessive physical intensity in an effort to meet their current
expenses and debt obligations. It has been very difficult to define the scope
of economic development required to comprehensively correct a deficit; but
shelter capacity evaluation as part of a digital master planning effort beginning
at the parcel level of our presence can be translated into an economic
development strategy embedded in a zoning ordinance for any city. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Zoning is a concept without an adequate mathematical language,
tools, and information; but it has the potential to lead us toward a desirable
quality of life within limited geographic areas defined to protect our source
of life. It will not evolve, however, without a complete overhaul by those
familiar with the physical design vocabulary and correlated mathematics needed
to consistently lead others toward desirable shelter capacity decisions based
on measurable research and evaluation. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Zoning was a hard fought legal battle to define two types of
freedom - individual freedom to pursue initiative and collective freedom to
oppose individual oppression. It began as an attempt to reduce the suffering of
vulnerable populations crowded into shelter symbolized by excessive physical
intensity, pollution, disease, and decay. It was eventually recognized that
this threatened everyone’s health, safety, and welfare. We are now beginning to
recognize that the ambiguous term “welfare” includes our physical, social,
psychological, environmental, and economic quality of life at the very least - while
we continue to argue over the line separating individual from collective
freedom. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">BUILDINGS<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A building can shelter any activity. The combination has
been called a “land use”. Building mass combines with floor quantity, parking
quantity, pavement, and unpaved open space to produce project shelter capacity
and physical intensity to shelter activity within a mathematical spectrum of
options that has sprawl at one end of the scale and excessive intensity at the
other. The terms “land use” and “density” may have confused the fact that physical
design is used to shelter social and economic activity. It symbolizes the
leadership decisions taken with its silent presence, but they remain
undocumented and uncorrelated by an adequate mathematical leadership language.
The result has been random sprawl as a reaction to the excessive intensity of
the past and more excessive intensity and sprawl pursuing the goal of profit at
any price by exploiting the weaknesses of uncorrelated zoning ordinance leadership.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The concept of citizen participation may have assumed that sprawl
and excessive intensity are defined and regulated by the dimensional
stipulations scattered throughout a zoning ordinance. In addition, the
assumption may have been that annexation could solve all inadequate zoning definitions
of city planning intent by consuming additional land area, but we are becoming
aware that our inability to accurately predict the shelter capacity of land for
growing populations is consuming land that is our source of life. I believe
that most recognize, at least intuitively at this time, that land is not a
consumable commodity and unlimited resource.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Populations produce density. Buildings produce shelter
capacity, intensity, intrusion, and dominance based on the design specification
values chosen to define a project strategy. Density has confused the physical
design issue. It is only related to residential activity. A residential
building may be designed to shelter many optional densities depending on the
average dwelling unit area planned and the related design specification values under
consideration. From a physical design perspective, project building mass,
height, parking, pavement, and unpaved open space combine to determine one
shelter capacity implication expressed as gross building area per buildable
acre. This measures the impact of strategic shelter design decisions in a
project and their impact on the surrounding area. The physical relationships
become obvious when occupant activity is recognized as a separate topic limited
by the shelter capacity available. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Projects combine to form urban design areas, districts,
cities, regions, and conurbations. We are not even close to correlating the
design specification decisions involved based on measurement and evaluation
that can produce strategic shelter design knowledge and consistent leadership
decisions. The design specification topics involved have not even been
comprehensively listed unless you have read about shelter capacity evaluation. The
shelter goal is to lead these strategic decisions toward urban design results
that can shelter the activities of growing populations within geographic limits
that protect their quality and source of life – the Natural Domain.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Shelter capacity, intensity, intrusion, and dominance are
mathematical implications produced by mathematically correlated design
decisions entered in a shelter capacity template. The implications measured or
predicted are the foundation for all ensuing levels of design decision
associated with site planning, architectural form, function, and appearance.
The values entered in a template represent a strategy that is refined with more
detailed design decisions, tactics, and tasks that combine to define the
construction needed to produce a final product. The product symbolizes the
knowledge of a culture and expresses it in a silent message to the future. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">ZONING<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The zoning code is a planning document with an inadequate
design leadership language. A building code is a document that leads the
tactical construction decisions required to reach the design strategy and objectives
established. It is not a strategic document from a planning perspective. I
originally struggled with this issue because I found the zoning ordinances I
read a hopeless tangle of procedure and activity regulations with contradictory
physical design specifications scattered throughout. I wished for an ordinance
that would separate its design standards for ease of reference and leadership
direction, and eventually realized that the text could be separated into the
following sections:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Management<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Purpose<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Operations<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Definitions<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Land Use<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Area regulations<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Activity regulations<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Existing conditions<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Nuisance regulations<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Design<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Context regulations<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Object regulations<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Enforcement<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I wrote “The Disorganized Zoning Ordinance” in 2010 for my
blog at <a href="http://www.wmhosack.blogspot.com/">www.wmhosack.blogspot.com</a>
to suggest the steps required to reorganize and adopt this rearrangement. My
intent was to improve the transfer of information among those the ordinance was
attempting to lead. A more detailed explanation was included in Chapter 20 of my
book, “Land Development Calculations”, 2010. I did not attempt to reconcile the
contradictions I found among zoning ordinance design specifications, however. My
focus was on content reorganization. For instance, most experienced designers
are familiar with the contradictions among permitted density, building height, and
parking regulations in most, if not all, zoning ordinances. They often require
reconciliation with contested variance requests fought over the concept of
consistent legal application, but the consistent application of a contradiction
has made everyone ignore the mathematical problem. I knew the problem could be solved
with equation derivation, algorithms, and forecast templates created to correlate
the specifications involved and reduce measurement, prediction, and implication
evaluation to a simple entry of design value decisions. The template decision
topics and values could then be used to predict options and measure existing
conditions to define their capacity and intensity implications for comparison
and evaluation. I’ve called the effort Shelter Capacity Evaluation. It is
intended to introduce consistent measurement, evaluation, correlation,
prediction, and communication to all leadership efforts concerned with shelter
capacity and urban design for social and economic activity on limited land
areas. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The intent is to improve the knowledge and leadership
provided based on information that only research can provide and mathematics
can document with the credibility required to balance the debate between
individual and collective freedom that will determine our response to the
universal Law of Limits we face. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I have written about shelter capacity evaluation templates
on many occasions and mention them again because they collectively represent a
language that can be introduced to the design section of zoning ordinance
reorganization. Keep in mind that a zoning ordinance is not simply about
compatibility among neighboring activities. It attempts to lead the strategic
decisions of shelter design that determine a shelter project’s place within the
physical sprawl/excessive intensity spectrum. At the present time it does this with
an incomplete understanding of the scope, building design category, and design
topic relationships that must be correlated before leadership decisions can
make a difference.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Our goal is survival. Our strategy will involve food, water,
fire, air, shelter, land, and population objectives that prompt skepticism and argument
at least and aggression at worst. The last three can be quantitatively addressed
with shelter capacity evaluation. Two are new to the list. The first four involve
environmental preservation. The campaign will require new awareness, trait modification,
and commitment to the search for knowledge and wisdom in a world of emotion that
accompanies the gift we have been given.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">POSTSCRIPT<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Think of a city’s Movement, Open Space, and Life Support
Divisions as arteries serving a Shelter Division within a Built Domain that must
serve increasing shelter capacity demand from growing populations.
Unfortunately, we have been too short-sighted to see open space as a necessary
artery in the Built Domain or as the growth medium of our Natural Domain. We
have also avoided seeing unpaved open space quantities as critical ingredients
within every project site plan in the Built Domain. It has always been an avoidable
expense or an expedient form of currency taken from a planet that is not a
helpless victim. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Walter M. Hosack: December, 2023<o:p></o:p></p>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-35387083401735300162023-12-01T09:47:00.000-05:002023-12-01T09:47:07.876-05:00CORRELATION of SHELTER DESIGN DECISIONS<p>Shelter Ideals, Goals, Strategies, Objectives, Tactics, and Tasks</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPYzAyCFxwTt1Lx5jf-balzUEF0e0lBvACf53kfLX1DwUvSx0WC_KHZv5Sliynkh1eusgYM1XKqVyp45VowrielLc6C0-Qhcbjbi1nSBEsxqwG-xShA_3X6yWD-1uLTULokxcTmNh-UxNl_EOSBwqz0M3Tuw3Yn7-ol4n30BkI2WHT6hQ5Lrp-FGGhPulP/s6000/-bird.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6000" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPYzAyCFxwTt1Lx5jf-balzUEF0e0lBvACf53kfLX1DwUvSx0WC_KHZv5Sliynkh1eusgYM1XKqVyp45VowrielLc6C0-Qhcbjbi1nSBEsxqwG-xShA_3X6yWD-1uLTULokxcTmNh-UxNl_EOSBwqz0M3Tuw3Yn7-ol4n30BkI2WHT6hQ5Lrp-FGGhPulP/s320/-bird.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>Goals are correlated to achieve an ideal rarely, if ever,
achieved. Strategies are abstract concepts designed to achieve a goal through
the achievement of<br /> sequential objectives. Objectives are defined, correlated
and accumulated to reach strategic success based on tactical plans and activity.
Tasks are individual actions correlated to form a tactic. For instance,
Normandy was an objective and part of a strategy in WWII. The goal was to win
the war. The ideal behind the goal was freedom. The WWII objectives took the
names of locations. The tactics were correlated tasks or actions designed to
overcome the opposition.<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A tactical substitute for a strategic objective produces a
preoccupation with observation until a concept emerges to unify the glimpses.
For instance, the Black Plague was a threat without a strategic answer. The
objective was to find a cure but tactical treatment awaited a concept that
could address more than the appearance of its symptoms. A concept, or strategy,
was needed to guide a series of experimental, objective efforts. In the
interval, treatment became a guessing game. A strategy eventually evolved
around what was then the abstract concept of germ theory. The theory required
the evolution of language, tools, materials, sciences, and arts required to
pursue a search demanding a correlation of effort. The goal stretched beyond
the disease. The intent was to advance the knowledge of medicine. The ideal
remains the elimination of all disease.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Correlation among professions introduces another level of
complexity. Medicine has developed specialties within its umbrella, but the
correlation between anatomy and chemistry is a better example of correlation
among the independent efforts I have in mind. We now realize, I think, that we
live on a planet that depends on a spider web of correlated relationships that
we barely understand and often blindly address at the project level. We are
beginning to realize that an isolated project cannot help but damage the web
given our level of knowledge and information. Projects are tactical in nature.
The best contribute to an objective that is part of a larger strategy designed
to achieve a goal that may never reach its ideal conclusion.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">RELEVANCE of DECISION HIERARCHY<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Our survival depends, at least, on fire, water, food, air,
and shelter. Our goals have been fire safety, water purity, air quality, food sufficiency,
and adequate shelter supply; but the shelter goal now faces a fundamental
contradiction. Shelter sprawl that increases supply to protect the activities
of increasing populations consumes land that is a foundation of life and a
primary source of food sufficiency. Excessive shelter intensity that conserves
land while increasing shelter supply compromises our physical, social,
psychological, environmental, and economic quality of life. We have not been
able to define either term with accurate measurement, prediction, and
evaluation that can led to consistent leadership decisions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">On one hand we believe that growth is good and that we
should be fruitful and multiply. Many repeat on a weekly basis that this is a
world without end. It has to be if unlimited growth across the face of a
limited planet is good – but it isn’t. Any shelter goal written to respect the
planet’s fundamental Law of Limits and Survival faces this fundamental contradiction.
It must be reconciled before we can move on. If you agree, then every tactical
shelter project for growing populations must be designed and correlated to advance
on a strategic path toward a survival goal within geographic limits that
protects their quality and source of life. It is an overwhelming concept based
on an abstract, intuitive awareness of our place in the ecosystem of the planet.
In the light provided by medical history, it requires new language, theory, and
tools to address the threat with the measurement, prediction, evaluation, and
decisions needed to pursue diagnosis and treatment. In this context we are the
microbes under the microscope and we are growing without limit in the petri
dish we call a planet.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I should add that environmental protection is now recognized
by many as an essential prerequisite for the survival goals just mentioned. It
is now an ideal given our current level of awareness and comprehension.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It should be obvious that the conflict between realistic shelter
supplies for growing populations on limited land areas requires reconciliation.
I have just mentioned that it can only begin with correlation based on a new
language of definitions, explanations, derivations, and mathematical forecast
models that permit measurement, evaluation, prediction, decision, and
consistent leadership direction of shelter capacity decisions by public and
private investors for every buildable acre within scientifically limited
geographic areas. I originally referred to this language as development
capacity evaluation and presented the digital forecast models involved in my
first two books. They are now eclipsed by a new effort. I now refer to the
improved forecast models as shelter capacity evaluation software and have
discussed portions over a number of years in my blog essays and Linked-In
postings. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The bottom line is that land has a mathematically
predictable spectrum of shelter capacity options per buildable acre. They
produce measureable, definable lifestyle alternatives ranging from sprawl to
excessive intensity at each end of the spectrum. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">There is a sustainable shelter capacity limit we must
anticipate to define a symbiotic future. Our goal has always been survival. The
ideal may become quality of life for all. At one time the goal required
unlimited growth to establish and defend our place on the planet, but the
contradiction involved can never permit us to reach the ideal. The goal will
require correlation of research and knowledge among a vast array of professions
to define sustainable growth on limited land areas from the perspective of a
planet that enforces limits we must anticipate with more than emotion.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">There are two worlds on this planet. The Built Domain is
composed of Urban and Rural Phyla. Each phylum contains Movement, Open Space,
and Life Support Divisions that serve a Shelter Division. The catalyst for
growth is a microbe we have yet to recognize as a parasite needing symbiotic
leadership. The Natural Domain is its source of life in a Built Domain that is
subject to the planet’s Law of Limits. Both must be preserved and protected in
the way we have always begun – by defining territory. It is a definition that
will require the correlation of all related and emerging scientific efforts
pursuing the best of intentions. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In other words, growth is subject to the planet’s Law of
Limits. Our survival depends, in part, on the sustainable, symbiotic shelter solutions
and growth definitions we provide to protect the activities of populations
within these geographic limits. The physical design of shelter at the project,
district, city, and regional levels must now define and symbolize the scientific
leadership correlation required to protect our quality and source of life on a
planet in a universe that does not compromise with ignorance that we have been
given the gift to overcome.<o:p></o:p></p>
<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Walter M. Hosack: December, 2023</span></span>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-69264736451500924972023-11-25T08:20:00.005-05:002023-11-27T06:20:35.720-05:00NEW AWARENESS: Choices, Decisions and Direction<p><span style="background-color: white;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjn3fICIJuh_QkOsz8MytgSoXULiaD5oqAtqAj1WLQSuBJSeuC6m3CverE_Rkfwy6t5UxFiG1Zx5HsPZwTUUAOyCToLk6VQubcg798upfhiAGWpIOcDH683bIachJQQEkG9LgR2Xv3lVw4Smz9PU5fgZhSfc74pFCZYeBXQIHxxzjT6Ssgdgnkg3SmYP-QW" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="650" data-original-width="975" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjn3fICIJuh_QkOsz8MytgSoXULiaD5oqAtqAj1WLQSuBJSeuC6m3CverE_Rkfwy6t5UxFiG1Zx5HsPZwTUUAOyCToLk6VQubcg798upfhiAGWpIOcDH683bIachJQQEkG9LgR2Xv3lVw4Smz9PU5fgZhSfc74pFCZYeBXQIHxxzjT6Ssgdgnkg3SmYP-QW" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">Thank you for the introduction to the Krier
brothers, Michael. Nice presentation as well. The absence of cars is an obvious
plus. Mobility has been an advantage that has led us to this point in history.
Its problems have been compounded by population growth. Many sol<br />utions have
been discussed but they don't begin with the obvious any more than the Black
Plague was solved by observing visible symptoms of disease. It's time for an
attitude readjustment and a new perspective.</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; font-family: inherit; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Examining alternatives is one of our fundamental
strengths. We are the only species that can consciously adjust our traits in a
single lifetime with language. All others have either had their traits adapted
over extended periods of time without their knowledge or become extinct. We are
the chosen few given a choice, but the few have been fighting over who has been
chosen to lead since they have had a voice. There is only one sustainable,
symbiotic direction. The strategic decisions required will be symbolized by the
tactical results that send a silent message to the future. Some of these
strategic decisions will be expressed by the architecture, urban design,
landscape architecture, city planning, engineering, and science created to shelter the many
activities of an enlightened population. It will not be a Renaissance. It will
represent New Awareness. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="background: rgb(242, 242, 242); font-family: inherit; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It’s always been about options, opinions, and choice.
Decisions can't be avoided. The remainder is history in our hands with
stewardship in the balance.</span>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-53981237243867469682023-11-17T07:17:00.003-05:002023-11-17T07:17:36.731-05:00Architecture & the Language of Physical Design: Response to Raschid Majbour, MSc<p> <span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Segoe UI", "sans-serif"; font-size: 15pt;">I couldn't agree more with your
comments regarding the relationship of civil engineering to architecture. My
only regret is that you relegate architecture to the appearance created. Appearance
simply symbolizes the many questions that must be asked and decisions (hundreds
if not thousands) that must be taken to lead from an inquiring client and a blank
piece of paper.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Segoe UI","sans-serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I cannot blame the audience.
Architecture has focused on style rather than the substance of improving
knowledge contribution for a very long time. They have not had a language that
would permit them to measure, evaluate, and forecast the implications of
shelter capacity decisions. These are the decisions that can address sprawl and
excessive physical intensity. The deficit symbolizes our inability to speak in
an architectural language that can correlate what we sense, evaluate what we
see, and convince those we address.</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Segoe UI", "sans-serif"; font-size: 15pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Segoe UI","sans-serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">PS: I have discussed the new quantitative
language and forecast models of Shelter Capacity Evaluation on many occasions
in my essays on Linked-In and my blog at <a href="http://www.wmhosack.blogspot.com/">www.wmhosack.blogspot.com</a>. It
applies to all physical design disciplines concerned with the design,
development, and evaluation of shelter in the Built Domain - and to those who govern,
invest in, sell, advocate, and judge the product. </span><o:p></o:p></p>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-86893945861671602962023-11-12T11:13:00.003-05:002023-11-12T16:41:53.753-05:00RESPONSE TO OANA BOGDAN: “THE CRISIS OF THE ARCHITECTURAL PROFESSION (PART 5)”<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Historically, architects were immediate advisors
to kings, pharaohs, popes, and other political decision-makers because their
advice had an influence on their patrons governing ability. This advice no
longer seems to be a political priority. It has been significantly weakened by
an emphasis on fine art that is an ambiguous symbol and not a solution.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Examine the structure and mission of
architecture, landscape architecture, urban design, and city planning. Consider
the knowledge it can accumulate and the correlation it can provide among all
concerned with symbiotic survival on a planet that is no longer a world without
end. It can lead to reorganization with a new emphasis on a governing hierarchy
that benefits from its knowledge accumulation, evaluation of alternative
decisions, and potential public contribution to a goal that can no longer be
ignored. Talent scores points. Strategy wins games.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In other words, the language of Shelter Capacity
Evaluation is needed to formulate concepts, measure conditions, evaluate
options, express conclusions, build knowledge, and argue for physical, social, political, and economic leadership decisions in credible, convincing terms that can
provide shelter for the activities of growing populations within geographic
limits that will protect their quality and source of life.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p></p>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-68479287182616449302023-10-31T05:44:00.004-04:002023-11-01T04:45:35.814-04:00The Shelter Decisions We Face<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpfR2zJsDri7XxuXBuE-Dc8-wtAEV0AovlW1UmOxZUh1oUcx1GmSjAvAooIpcOdkG3TTwklwSudL2bgrfD_k1zBsQiA6tIpSLqBVdwrXuQu1arH9Ljge1_XqxmFv7CrUYMxGVpIQGhlNiI5wsajbfFrtRN4dKmN85aDtgy13RdBGr9yNeMDA1IyUrwZlCx/s640/earth%20over%20moon%20horizon.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpfR2zJsDri7XxuXBuE-Dc8-wtAEV0AovlW1UmOxZUh1oUcx1GmSjAvAooIpcOdkG3TTwklwSudL2bgrfD_k1zBsQiA6tIpSLqBVdwrXuQu1arH9Ljge1_XqxmFv7CrUYMxGVpIQGhlNiI5wsajbfFrtRN4dKmN85aDtgy13RdBGr9yNeMDA1IyUrwZlCx/s320/earth%20over%20moon%20horizon.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Growth, freedom and the choices involved.<br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">There are now two worlds on a single planet – the Built
Domain and Natural Domains of Earth. The Built Domain is currently a parasite
slowly consuming its source of life with an outdated definition of growth on a
planet that is no longer a world without end. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">There are very few, if any, facts in this life. We have
survived based on observation, instinct, insight, awareness, assumption,
measurement, comparison, evaluation, inspiration, and opinion that can be revised
or reversed at any moment in time with increasing knowledge, influence, and/or
political power. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The first paragraph is simply my opinion. If you agree at
this point in time, then the statement implies a law of limits for Earth that
many of us already anticipate. If our goal is survival, then a symbiotic
strategy is the only alternative; but the challenge is to define where to begin
- and on how many fronts. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In our case the threat to survival is again microscopic. We
are back to recognizing symptoms of sprawling disease and excessive intensity
with inadequate tools for diagnosis. We are the microscopic problem - and have
been consuming everything in our path as if unlimited growth is good. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I have already implied a symbiotic goal. My strategy in this
brief essay is to indicate that the threat not only involves global contamination
of air and water, fire and flood, earthquake and eruption. The microscopic
portion of this threat involves us when viewed from space. Its symptoms appear
as the sprawling shelter and excessive intensity we build to protect growing
activity by consuming and contaminating land that is our source of life. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Anatomy of the Built Domain<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Built Domain contains Urban and Rural Phyla primarily
distinguished by the quantities of land and activities related to the shelter
provided. Both phyla contain Movement, Open Space, and Life Support Divisions
designed to serve as arteries for their Shelter Divisions. (Open space arteries
are more of a dream than reality at the present time but can provide new blood
to a failing anatomy.) Urban growth with annexation has been relatively
unrestrained based on a concept of unlimited freedom to consume agriculture and
the Natural Domain.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Shelter Division contains six building design categories.
We have been distracted from their presence by the appearance of architectural form,
function, and style. This blizzard of fashion has concealed a classification
system and mathematical foundation that makes the measurement and prediction of
land consumption for shelter capacity, population growth, and lifestyle alternatives
feasible. It is the design leadership language needed to address land
consumption for shelter; measure results; and build knowledge as a foundation
for a quality of life that can be symbolized by the best in form, function, and
appearance. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Keep in mind that gross building area may be used to shelter
any occupant activity. Shelter capacity is the gross building area introduced
per buildable acre of related land area. The separate measurements of density for
residential activity and floor area ratio values for non-residential activity
have confused shelter capacity with social activity for decades. There is only
one effective capacity measurement capable of consistently successful
leadership. It is produced by the design specification values adopted for a
building design category project and may be occupied by an activity. These
specifications determine the capacity and physical intensity introduced to a project
area. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Intensity is calculated from the shelter capacity
introduced. Intrusion is calculated and combined with intensity to measure the
dominance implied by the design specification values and floor quantities under
consideration. These values have quality of life implications symbolized by the
amounts of building mass, parking, pavement, and unpaved open space that emerge.
They have yet to be measured and evaluated within the spectrum of physical
possibilities they occupy, but will be similar to the first blood pressure readings
introduced to assist with medical diagnosis and leadership. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Building Design Categories<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Design specification templates are related to six building
design categories that are used to shelter most human activity on the planet.
Their limited number makes gross building area, shelter capacity, intensity,
intrusion, and dominance measurement, prediction, and leadership feasible
within a limited Built Domain. I won’t expand on this topic for the sake of
brevity since I have covered its potential on numerous occasions. My objective
here is to present as simple an overview of the concept as possible. Anyone
wishing to go further can find complete information in my book, <u>The
Equations of Urban Design</u> available on Amazon.com.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Two prediction templates are related to a building design
category. The first is applicable when gross land area is given to find the
gross building area, shelter capacity and intensity implications of a chosen
set of design specification values. The second is applicable when a gross
building area objective is given, buildable land area options are to be found, and
intensity implications are to be calculated. These categories are: (G1) - All
buildings with surface parking around, but not under, the building or buildings
on the same premise; (G2) - All buildings with surface parking around and under
the building(s) on the same premise; (S1) - All buildings served with adjacent
parking structures on the same premise; (S2) - All buildings served with
underground parking structures on the same premise; (S3) - All buildings with
parking structures partially or completely above grade under the building on
the same premise; and (NP) - All buildings with no parking required.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The shelter capacity evaluation objective is to determine
the capacity of land to provide shelter for human activity without excessive land
consumption or physical intensity that compromises the surrounding quality of
life and occupant experience. If this approach gains momentum, opinion may
begin to recognize through mathematical evaluation that shelter capacity and
quality of life calculations have growth implications that contradict the
belief in a world without end. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Wars of Opinion<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Wars begin with irreconcilable argument searching for
resolution. We are currently at war with the capacity of a planet that does not
compromise with ignorance, but have been too close to see the scope of
conflict. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We have not been able accurately predict the shelter
capacity of land to accommodate growth by accurately defining the intensity,
intrusion, and dominance of what we have ambiguously called “over-development” and
“sprawl”. We have been wandering across the planet as if it were our own like
so many other species that have multiplied and failed to adapt with intuition
and anticipation. Symbiotic survival demands these attributes. I have simply
attempted to contribute a few new tools that can help with the effort to
accurately measure, forecast, and define the spectrum of options available in
my essays and books.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Summary<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">At this point in our evolution I would like to make the
point that opinion should not be misunderstood as fact even though it may
represent belief. We are a species that depends on observation, instinct,
awareness, assumption, measurement, comparision, evaluation, knowledge,
inspiration, influence, and/or political power to make decisions. We are
fallible. We all know this format has not produced a perfect record of success.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In my opinion the definition of “growth” and “freedom” are
two of the great issues before us that demand further refinement. No other
species has had the power and intelligence to evaluate these definitions. They
have had no choice but to grow until they couldn’t with the advantages they
were given. We have been given the ability to choose our definitions. We would
insult whatever power we accept if we follow the path of those who have become
extinct through no choice of their own.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I have chosen shelter capacity evaluation to illustrate the
choices that face us, and have provided new tools to illustrate these choices
with the most convincing language we have created – mathematics. It defines a
spectrum of choices ranging from physical sprawl and consumption of our source
of life to excessive intensity at the other that can make the tenements of
England and Hell’s Kitchen in Manhattan look like planned communities. I have
provided the tools needed to define these choices within the spectrum and have
had the temerity to predict that they could become the language of a new science.
(Ignore the book I wrote entitled, <u>The Science of Urban Design</u>. Its
classification is outdated and has been replaced by the explanations in <u>The
Equations of Urban Design</u>. I wish I could have re-used the earlier title.) <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The choices will always be yours. It is the gift you have
been given and often abused. Study hard. Do your homework. Build the data
needed for the many fronts involved in this war, and choose wisely based on the
knowledge you accumulate.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Afterword<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Shelter capacity measurement and evaluation is a powerful
leadership language for the many disciplines related to city planning and urban
design decisions. It is able to define our places on the planet in credible
terms capable of political, social, and economic persuasion; and can accurately express
instinctive reactions to current shelter patterns of behavior that we sense are
self-destructive. Anticipation has been one of our primary survival attributes.
It leads to opinion that remains with many and is converted to knowledge by a
few. It is time to give these few a new voice that can lead us on the path that
only we have been given the gift to choose – adaptation based on abstract
perception.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">
</p><p class="MsoNormal">Walter M. Hosack: October, 2023<o:p></o:p></p>
<br />Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-16438669997592544572023-10-20T09:09:00.002-04:002023-10-20T09:30:32.913-04:00Our Challenge<p><span style="font-family: times;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidIx3v3A_wrDrZ88xLM_vd_qaDuRv8ps2iEuSnnul3Gdirxw7YwTuyjH7TPwQgAIC1cQM_-7DLip4Uvo2zQ6uWBdmntw6jFa07JFQyQL-_-aaDfN4TVvXhcKUw-HylKd6kw8IXoD9emwWpq5LpeWs9_Zeoa5sFBVen95hbjCe3Mgk3H9cBB4-WnVKbiLou/s5750/IMG_0708.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3833" data-original-width="5750" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidIx3v3A_wrDrZ88xLM_vd_qaDuRv8ps2iEuSnnul3Gdirxw7YwTuyjH7TPwQgAIC1cQM_-7DLip4Uvo2zQ6uWBdmntw6jFa07JFQyQL-_-aaDfN4TVvXhcKUw-HylKd6kw8IXoD9emwWpq5LpeWs9_Zeoa5sFBVen95hbjCe3Mgk3H9cBB4-WnVKbiLou/s320/IMG_0708.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: times;"><br />It’s time to re-evaluate the structure and staffing for
democratic decision-making in our country. Businesses call it reorganization.
They don’t throw out the business. It takes the right structure with the right
people in the right places to make the right decisions. We are arguing over
issues that we can’t bring to a vote because we are entangled in rules we have
created to fill the gaps in Hamilton’s Federalist Papers, at the very least. Five
hundred and thirty-five senators and congressmen/women can no longer compromise.
Their rules defeat the concept. Gerrymandering with computer assistance from
special interest is making the concept of majority rule a mirage.</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: times;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: times;">At this point we need questions, homework, and evaluation
far more than opinion based on emotion and assumption. I recognize that this
approach does not currently attract votes, and that all facts are opinions
supported by various levels of measurement, evaluation, and conclusion. They
can, and some have, changed over time. Opinions have led us into a tangle we
must wait four years to address with half-hearted platform promises. They are
then shelved after the election. Distraction, dissent, and obstruction abound. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: times;">We need a better way to bring individual issues
to the table promptly for a decision, and a better way to fill and re-fill the
seats of leadership with those who will be counted. Hiding opinion in a bundle
of legislative issues and hoping it will ride on the coattails of more
essential topics is not compromise. It is deception in its finest legislative
form. Reorganization does not mean we change the business of democracy. It means
we intend to improve its performance to match the written ideals we have yet to
reach.</span></span>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-15684029033115718222023-10-02T16:24:00.001-04:002023-10-02T16:31:15.890-04:00The Planet's Law of Limits<p><span face="Calibri, "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="background: white;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Resolving growth within
limits will challenge our ability to adapt.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span face="Calibri, "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt;">I reposted the message below from the
UN with some comments. I don't think I made my point and would like to revise
these comments by first dissecting the message as noted below.</span></p>
<p class="article-editor-contentparagraph"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">UN – Habitat: </span></p><br /><span face="Calibri, "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGJEjryEoDlKQ92g9uly3vXEQUbFv8_acoN92w30rzneJ0yWIMY0_v_nxxZIH7UJfPWmjJXFSm6qaUYaYt14RIWPJ3cdT7mTyqFOm_1kVKcwPjKzT_xU6nIMNycogmWJYqiNZ8wvzArxk7sf9qpP_RgNgTAnqRsJ0Oc4k1NS7fA4LB5dWyp9sIO3_mCiZu/s640/earth%20over%20moon%20horizon.jpg" style="clear: right; display: inline !important; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGJEjryEoDlKQ92g9uly3vXEQUbFv8_acoN92w30rzneJ0yWIMY0_v_nxxZIH7UJfPWmjJXFSm6qaUYaYt14RIWPJ3cdT7mTyqFOm_1kVKcwPjKzT_xU6nIMNycogmWJYqiNZ8wvzArxk7sf9qpP_RgNgTAnqRsJ0Oc4k1NS7fA4LB5dWyp9sIO3_mCiZu/s320/earth%20over%20moon%20horizon.jpg" width="320" /></a>United Nations Human Settlement
Programme </span><p></p>
<p class="article-editor-contentparagraph"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“FORECAST: By 2050, 7 billion
people will live in cities. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="article-editor-contentparagraph"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">FORECAST: That means that for the
next 30 YEARS, we have to accommodate 2 million people moving in cities. Every.
Week.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="article-editor-contentparagraph"><strong><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ARGUMENT 1): We cannot carry on
with business as usual. The planet can't take it</span></strong><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="article-editor-contentparagraph"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">FACT: Construction uses 30% of all
the resources globally, and produces 40% of GHG emissions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="article-editor-contentparagraph"><strong><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ARGUMENT 2): We have to follow a
truly circular economy model and follow the "6 R’s"</span></strong><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="article-editor-contentparagraph"><strong><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">POLICY 1) - REDUCE: Implementing
strategies to reduce waste and minimize resource consumption during
construction and maintenance processes.</span></strong><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="article-editor-contentparagraph"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">TACTIC - REUSE: Promoting the
reuse of materials, components, and buildings to extend their lifespan and
reduce the need for new construction.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="article-editor-contentparagraph"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">TACTIC - RECYCLE: Establishing
robust recycling systems for construction and demolition waste.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="article-editor-contentparagraph"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">TACTIC - RECOVER: Exploring
opportunities to recover energy and resources from waste materials.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="article-editor-contentparagraph"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">TACTIC - REPURPOSE: Repurposing
materials and buildings to give them a new life and purpose.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="article-editor-contentparagraph"><strong><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">POLICY 2) - RETHINK: Changing
mindsets and adopting innovative approaches to urban planning, design, and
construction.”</span></strong><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="article-editor-contentparagraph"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I couldn’t agree more with the
arguments presented, but they fall into the category of opinion that depends on
Policy 2 for leadership success. Policy 1 is the topic that struck me since it
is titled “Reduce” but avoids the issue implied by Argument 1 - population
growth. I have also avoided it, but have attempted to imply the problem by
deriving equations for the shelter capacity of land. I have argued that
reasonable shelter capacity can be exceeded with excessive massing, parking,
and pavement intensity that compromises our quality of life and have provided
the mathematical means to calculate these implications. I have also argued that
land can be consumed by sprawl that consumes our source of life. Both can be
mathematically predicted and their implications can be measured and evaluated.
In other words, shelter capacity implies a limit to population growth if our
source and quality of life is to be protected and preserved. Growth without
correlation and balance is a recipe for excessive consumption, decline, and
extinction on a planet with limited resources.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="article-editor-contentparagraph"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Leadership requires a goal. I
would like to suggest one: We must learn to shelter growing populations within
a geographically limited Built Domain designed to protect their quality and
source of life, the Natural Domain.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="article-editor-contentparagraph"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">We live on a planet with limited
resources that is not a land without end. There is a law of limits that we must
accept to survive and it contradicts our concept of unlimited growth as
beneficial. Policy 1 will be incomplete until we learn how to correlate,
balance, and reconcile population growth and quality of life with the capacity
of the planet to both sustain and survive.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="article-editor-contentparagraph"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The adjustment required to
mentally step from parasite to planning and preservation is a challenge that
many have questioned our ability to achieve -- given our tendency to argue and
diverge over the slightest difference of opinion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="article-editor-contentparagraph"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Walter M. Hosack: October 1, 2023<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="article-editor-contentparagraph"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">PS: The tactics mentioned fall
into various objective categories. Thinking about these categories reveals the
true scope of the task ahead, since the tactics mentioned are a random
collection of the large number associated with each of the many objectives
implied.<o:p></o:p></span></p>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-15268671634726825492023-09-29T07:27:00.002-04:002023-09-29T07:27:35.262-04:00SPRAWL<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy0C5sHu9m5w0Tu-hMBUo_CEZ6fGi57mYpd_QH4PMNVZJ7qx7QHwgjPgyOljfpxxBoXLN8ldznEGex1DxeE8DTEWxp2GvQDw_9HXc1rc8DaceURdG_GuOK9cCpevKiM3hFHjf2Gw3MnVYcy4_JacFcZs2ucr2kVt4pqfZ3Lj3Uh9fV1XPpM4oAbbJPOZr9/s3647/Eixample_de_Palma.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1259" data-original-width="3647" height="110" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy0C5sHu9m5w0Tu-hMBUo_CEZ6fGi57mYpd_QH4PMNVZJ7qx7QHwgjPgyOljfpxxBoXLN8ldznEGex1DxeE8DTEWxp2GvQDw_9HXc1rc8DaceURdG_GuOK9cCpevKiM3hFHjf2Gw3MnVYcy4_JacFcZs2ucr2kVt4pqfZ3Lj3Uh9fV1XPpM4oAbbJPOZr9/s320/Eixample_de_Palma.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="background: white; font-family: "Segoe UI", "sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">Sprawl is the pattern of a parasite
without a symbiotic future -- until we have the data, knowledge, and commitment
needed to defend the argument that a Built Domain must shelter growing
populations within geographic limits that protect its quality and source of
life, the Natural Domain. (See my essay, “The Least a City Should Know”, at
www.wmhosack.blogspot.com)<br /></span><o:p></o:p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Segoe UI, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="background-color: white;">Photo by Chixoy</span></span></p>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-35715174229957841292023-09-21T08:15:00.004-04:002023-09-23T12:56:42.698-04:00The Principles of Shelter Capacity Evaluation for Urban Design and Economic Development<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIivm3z2qAj8bsSYlpJGG9YwPORxQr5sS8xbjs5bivHk7EXrPkVPJAfQzkLw_92Kz2QJdW4Op6dhZJDLyT1FL3jc6jvwvExZ-OUXtc9CVSo3cU-63CJM3E2HW3vmaCRZMUmt4hfJMkiQk9RspgixCtMMhzxin8GroAu5M2fVpt9wJillzIT4oLKLthc6od/s375/Untitled.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="286" data-original-width="375" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIivm3z2qAj8bsSYlpJGG9YwPORxQr5sS8xbjs5bivHk7EXrPkVPJAfQzkLw_92Kz2QJdW4Op6dhZJDLyT1FL3jc6jvwvExZ-OUXtc9CVSo3cU-63CJM3E2HW3vmaCRZMUmt4hfJMkiQk9RspgixCtMMhzxin8GroAu5M2fVpt9wJillzIT4oLKLthc6od/s320/Untitled.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal">Before I get to the title of this essay I would like to
mention an essay I remembered after reading an article about data dependent planning
and urban design. The essay is entitled, “The Least a City Should Know”. It is
located on my blog at <a href="http://www.wmhosack.blogspot.com/">www.wmhosack.blogspot.com</a>.
I am not attaching it for the sake of brevity since it is longer than I
normally write and contains 7 tables. It is about the correlation of currently
independent database sources that must agree to form a common resource before
we can begin to correlate the information needed to build knowledge and make
informed city planning and urban design decisions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We cannot predict, plan, and lead shelter capacity decisions
toward the efficient and economically stable use of limited land areas without
improved database correlation. We do not need to leave these decisions to a
marketplace that believes in land without end and private profitability without
concern for public revenue potential and financial stability per acre of
municipal land area. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In other words, we cannot correlate design of the physical
city with its social and economic characteristics until we are able to assemble
the relational databases required to understand the correlation of decisions
involved.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Forecast Models for Shelter Capacity Measurement
and Evaluation</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I have written about the urban design classification system,
building design categories, forecast models, design specification templates,
architectural algorithms, master equations, and definitional equations that determine
shelter capacity and intensity at the cellular level of city formation on many
occasions; and have referred to the software package of measurement and
forecasting models as both Shelter Capacity Evaluation and Development Capacity
Evaluation. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I continue to vacillate between the terms “shelter capacity”
and “development capacity”. S<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">helter </i>has
a residential tone but conveys the life-saving nature of the topic. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Development</i> is all-inclusive but has a
less imperative, more diluted and commercial tone. When I use either of these
terms, they are meant to encompass the building design categories, gross
building areas, and shelter capacity, intensity, intrusion, and dominance implications
that can be mathematically predicted from design specification values entered
in a building design category template. These predictions can be used for
either residential or non-residential occupancy. They predict the shelter
capacity, intensity, intrusion, and dominance implications of contemplated
design specification options, but the values chosen can be improved with a
focused strategy of data accumulation, correlation, and evaluation.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Principles of Shelter Capacity
Evaluation<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">While writing this I thought back to my creation of Shelter
Capacity Evaluation software and would like to mention the points that have
come to influence my opinions and approach. The number of variable decisions
exposed by this exercise gave me a new appreciation for the mental correlation
performed by architects, landscape architects, city planners, urban designers,
and so on over centuries. They have had to perform this correlation with the
leadership instinct, intuition, awareness, experience, and rules of thumb that
we have called talent. It has been applied for centuries when population growth
was encouraged and land was plentiful. We now need to support talent with a
foundation of data accumulation, mathematical evaluation, and increasing
knowledge that will help it consistently provide shelter for the activities of
increasing populations within geographic limits defined to protect their
quality and source of life. It will never replace talent, but it will give it
more credible support for the decisions it recommends. The following opinions
have led me to the formation of this mathematical foundation.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->There are two worlds on a single planet – the
Built Domain and the Natural Domain.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The Built Domain continues to consume
agriculture and the Natural Domain with sprawl and annexation.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(3)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Human survival depends on shelter within the
Built Domain.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(4)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The activities of growing populations depend on
an increasing shelter supply.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(5)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Shelter is served within the Urban and Rural
Phyla of the Built Domain by its Movement, Open Space, and Life Support
Divisions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(6)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Shelter is provided by 6 building design
categories that can be mathematically defined.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(7)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Land consumption by a building design category
is a function of the design specification values entered in its forecast model.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(8)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Building floor quantity options can be mathematically
correlated with site plan design specifications to forecast gross building area
alternatives for a given land area.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(9)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Gross building area divided by the buildable
acres involved equals the shelter capacity per acre planned or present.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(10)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shelter capacity
times the impervious cover percentage planned or present on a given buildable
land area divided by 10,000 equals the intensity present.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(11)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Intensity
measurements and predictions can indicate excessive urban design alternatives.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(12)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Excessive
intensity remains to be defined with case study measurements of existing
building design category specifications. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(13)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shelter
capacity for activity has private financial and public economic development
implications.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(14)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A city’s
total expense per acre can be compared with the revenue it receives per census
block, tract, or zoning district acre to determine financial stability and
future urban design strategies.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(15)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Urban
design strategies for shelter capacity, intensity, activity, and location can
improve the revenue produced from areas within a city’s municipal area.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(16)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shelter
capacity forecasting combined with activity allocation in an urban design plan has
economic implications that affect a city’s quality of life.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(17)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Existing
building design specifications can be measured and evaluated using the topics
listed in its related building category forecast model.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(18)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
composition and appearance of building mass, parking, pavement, and unpaved
open space in a project area begins with the site planning and floor quantity
specification values adopted as the urban design foundation for all ensuing
design decisions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(19)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shelter
project areas are cells with various amounts of shelter capacity, intensity,
and activity that combine to form the Shelter Division of an urban anatomy.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(20)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
design specification measurements of an existing building are like the first
blood pressure measurements in medicine. They require collection, correlation
and evaluation to build knowledge of the capacity, intensity, intrusion, and
dominance impact represented. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;">(21)<span> </span><span> Sprawl is the pattern of a parasite withut a symbiotic future.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Observation</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We have not, or have refused to recognize population growth
as a threat to the preservation of agriculture and our source of life, the Natural
Domain, even though we refer to this growth as “sprawl”. Sprawl is also a term
associated in the minds of many with housing. It is actually unlimited land
consumption for gross building area, often called annexation that can be used
to shelter any activity. It is unlimited land consumption driven by population
growth, deteriorating urban areas, shifting opinions, and use of inadequate forecasting tools that make it a threat
to our source of life. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The need for shelter will continue to drive sprawl until we
can correlate increasing demand within geographic areas limited to protect the
natural domain without excessive shelter intensity. It has been an impossible
goal because the shelter capacity of land and the intensity implications of
optional, qualitative design decisions have resisted accurate mathematical
definition and prediction. This has left population growth and sprawl as a
debate without a frame of reference beyond conflicting opinion. I have created
the measurement and prediction software of Shelter Capacity Evaluation to offer
an alternative.<o:p></o:p></p><br />Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-91113775233345145832023-09-13T14:16:00.004-04:002023-09-14T09:28:50.180-04:00A Transition from Zoning to Urban Design<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQH8W8VYDvt_JuR9jV8CuzKpbgjrscpMm2U4L3FRJI4y06O0_PK8lPyLy3jvNMYpX9QdXS9qKTW9MHdfyHz2SX-wn_NzhxLRq6N_RsR6ok3gpdNo7X_gy3NCLnIv2J7wYjRJkV96WoOxgKLhTnA9KYRTZkeBvh6bEv-6RtNMX_uggU3RZzkStijj7wGtcP/s1024/Celebration_fl.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="731" data-original-width="1024" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQH8W8VYDvt_JuR9jV8CuzKpbgjrscpMm2U4L3FRJI4y06O0_PK8lPyLy3jvNMYpX9QdXS9qKTW9MHdfyHz2SX-wn_NzhxLRq6N_RsR6ok3gpdNo7X_gy3NCLnIv2J7wYjRJkV96WoOxgKLhTnA9KYRTZkeBvh6bEv-6RtNMX_uggU3RZzkStijj7wGtcP/s320/Celebration_fl.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><br />The word “balance” in city planning, urban design, landscape
architecture, architectural design, and so on has been a goal without a
definition and a criticism without adequate explanation. Zoning
law attempted the first definition in an effort to protect the public, health,
safety, and welfare. Its original intent was the separation of incompatible
activity. It also recognized at the time that shelter intensity, intrusion, and
dominance could combine to produce inadequate light, air, and ventilation that
also threatened the public health, safety, and welfare. It was relatively easy
to list activities permitted in a zone to avoid incompatibility. It has been
impossible to consistently avoid excessive shelter intensity, intrusion,
dominance and sprawl. The ingredients of intensity have never been
comprehensively understood and their interaction has never been mathematically
correlated. As a result, the laws produced without correlation have not been
able to restrain excessive shelter intensity at one end of the spectrum, sprawl
at the other, and annexation of agriculture and the Natural Domain for both.<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The problem began with a failure to distinguish between
zoning regulations that are <u>independent</u> and those that require
mathematical <u>correlation</u> to achieve a common objective. Independent
regulations do not depend on each other. As an example, you may not park an RV
in your driveway for more than 24 hours <u>and</u> you may not erect a fence in
your front yard. These are independent, cumulative requirements. The list goes
on and continues to accumulate. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It has been a mistake to consider building height and
parking quantity requirements as independent. In fact, it has been a mistake to
consider any of the topics identified by a shaded cell in Table 1 as
independent for the G1 Building Design Category. They must be mathematically
correlated to define the gross building area potential of a given land area and
the intensity produced. At the present time, we simply do ot understand what
the intensity measurements in Col. G imply because we have not measured
existing conditions. The failure to do so has wasted land and accounted for
innumerable variance requests, public hearings, and contentious results seeking
to reconcile the independent contradictions encountered. The result has often
been excessive intensity, sprawl, and unlimited annexation of agriculture and
the natural domain.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">BACKGROUND<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The items identified with a shaded cell in Table 1 are keystone
urban design topics. Their values combine to determine the intensity, or
“balance”, present or proposed. They do not lend themselves to independent
regulation without first determining their mathematical correlation. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This is the first time I have stressed the word “correlation”,
but I have discussed the building design categories, forecast models,
architectural algorithms, and master equations that make it possible on many
occasions. I’ll attempt to briefly summarize for any new readers by borrowing
excerpts from previous essays and referring to Table 1.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">BUILDING
DESIGN CATEGORIES</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I’ve written about the six building design categories in the
Shelter Division of the Urban and Rural Phyla of the Built Domain many times,
and repeat them here simply as a reminder. They are: (1) G1 buildings with
grade parking around, but not under, the building on the same premise; (2) G2
buildings with grade parking around and under the building; (3) S1 buildings
with adjacent parking structure on the same premise; (4) S2 buildings served by
underground parking structures; (5) S3 buildings with parking structures above
grade under the building; (6) NP buildings with no parking required. I have
also included a set of shelter capacity and property demand forecast models for
independent parking garages (PG) in a book I will mention at the end of this
essay, even though I don’t consider them buildings for human habitation unless
dictated by an emergency.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">DESIGN
SPECIFICATIONS<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I have included Table 1 in many essays and am repeating it
here as an example of a complete, correlated set of design specification topics
and values for the G1 Building Design Category. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">There are 26 shaded cells in Table 1 for the G1.L1 forecast
model. Each shaded value entered in a cell is correlated by an algorithm to produce
the values needed by the master equation in cell J47. This equation produces
the gross building area options in cells B44-B53. I mention this to make the
point that regulating each shaded value independently is a hopeless exercise.
The isolated values chosen will often conflict unless served by the
mathematical correlation provided by the algorithm and master equation. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The shaded cells in Table 1 are not intended to replace an
entire zoning ordinance. They identify the design specification topics that
require correlation to lead G1 shelter capacity toward its intended intensity, activity,
and economic development goals. (Keep in mind that the gross building area
capacity of land may be occupied by any activity.)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Shelter intensity has been a term without adequate
definition ever since its presence was recognized with instinct, intuition,
awareness, and observation. Density and the Floor Area Ratio have been easy to
measure but they have missed many of the controlling topics that must be
correlated to provide shelter massing and intensity leadership. Every designer
intuitively understands the principle of correlation. It is what he/she does. Unfortunately,
the process can be too easily disrupted by independent zoning regulations that
do not recognize the correlation required to consistently produce a balanced shelter
pattern and composition to support a desired quality of life. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">FORECAST
PANEL<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Gross building area prediction in cells B44-B52 is the first
objective in the Forecast Panel of Table 1. They area keystone values that set
the stage for all ensuing design decisions; and are the basis for shelter
capacity calculation in cells F44-F53. (Shelter capacity equals gross building
area divided by the buildable acres calculated from cell G10.) The other predictions
in the forecast panel add essential design detail to the forecast. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">IMPLICATIONS
MODULE<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Implications Module measures the consequences of the
values entered in the Design Specification Template of Table 1. The final
intensity and dominance columns in the panel measure the results produced by
the correlated values entered in the shaded cells of Table 1. These values make
measurement, evaluation and knowledge accumulation feasible.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The shelter capacity, intensity, intrusion, and dominance
impact of the gross building area options in cells B44-B53 is calculated with
the equations on line 43 of the Implications Module. I am not providing an
evaluation of these impact measurements since this is a hypothetical example;
but measurement, evaluation, and accumulated knowledge is the leadership
promise offered by this system of building classification, design
specification, planning prediction, and implication measurement.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">CONCLUSION<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A zoning ordinance is a collection of laws governing
permitted site plan, building height and occupant activity on land within a
zoning district of a government jurisdiction. Its original intent was the
separation of incompatible project activity that threatened the public health,
safety, and welfare. It was also recognized at the time that shelter intensity,
intrusion, and dominance could combine to produce inadequate light, air, and
ventilation that also threatened the public health, safety, and welfare. It was
relatively easy to list the activities permitted in a zone. It has been
impossible to avoid excessive shelter intensity, intrusion, dominance and
sprawl with our current measures of density and the floor area ratio. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The ingredients of intensity, intrusion, and dominance have
never been comprehensively understood and the interaction of these ingredients
has never been mathematically correlated. Table 1 was introduced to give you a
glimpse of the topics and correlation involved for one building design
category. The independent, incomplete zoning laws written without correlation
have simply produced contradictions, variance requests, and excessive intensity
at one end of the spectrum with sprawl at the other; and annexation of
agriculture and the Natural Domain for both. These regulations are not
correlated to lead project design decisions toward cumulative project
compositions of building mass, parking, pavement, and unpaved open space that
combine to produce economic stability and a balanced quality of life within
geographic limits. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Architectural
Awareness<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I began as an architect and city planner believing that
architectural appearance could trump the excessive intensity often permitted by
local zoning ordinances since I was either: (1) stuck with the land a client
owned and asked to make it work; or (2) asked to predict the development
capacity of potential land areas that needed to work. I slowly realized that urban
design leadership and economic development was not the goal. The comprehensive
mathematical correlation required was not understood by the framers of these
legal requirements. Zoning was still attempting to separate incompatible land
uses and provide adequate light, air, and ventilation with incomplete,
independent, and often conflicting design regulations. They were not a
leadership guide with clear massing objectives linked to economic development
goals with forecasting models that could predict alternatives and the intensity
implied with a few keystrokes. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Unfortunately, urban design topics are not isolated but some
are independent zoning topics. They all require mathematical correlation,
however. This correlation will directly affect the activity and intensity we
encourage as well as the financial stability we produce. We cannot lead the
Shelter Division of our Built Domain toward any strategic objectives that
preclude consumption of agriculture and the Natural Domain until we can predict
the correlated implications of our shelter design decisions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Zoning Laws<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Zoning laws are independent and cumulative but not
correlated at the present time. It is like a language limited by intransitive
verbs. The design specifications and architectural algorithms of development
capacity forecasting models are the transitive values needed to create an urban
design language that can step from monosyllables to leadership and knowledge. For
instance, building height regulations are not coordinated with parking
requirements. Each is an ingredient. The conflict often generates
time-consuming variance requests. Zoning laws simply do not recognize the
mathematical correlation required to provide an adequate leadership foundation.
The result has too often been excessive intensity, sprawl, and unlimited
annexation of agriculture and the natural domain for more of the same. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Master Plans<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A master plan is a two-dimensional plan created to separate
incompatible land use activities. Zoning regulations amplify the intent of the
plan. This includes three-dimensional requirements intended to provide adequate
light, air, and ventilation to the street. The problem has been a lack of
mathematical correlation that could lead to the physical, social,
psychological, environment, and economic relationships implied by our historic
reference to Built Domain “balance”.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Summary<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“I have contributed
the conceptual framework and technical information needed to continue this
discussion in my book, “The Equations of Urban Design”. It is available on
Amazon.com but the title may have been an unfortunate choice since the book is
not consumed with equations. They are simply the foundation on which the
conceptual, predictive, measurement, and evaluation format of an urban design
language is based. I have also published over 200 essays regarding this topic
at my blog </i><a href="http://www.wmhosack.blogspot.com/"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">www.wmhosack.blogspot.com</i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">.
It has been visited by over 38,000 readers. <o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">There is a lot of work
to be done to reach the only goal that matters. Our habitat must cease to be a
threat to ourselves and its source of life – the Natural Domain.”<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Walter M. Hosack:
September, 2023</i><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSIEFG52hAH29-kVTwIUjb8HOqpupauCdzywGxW1rPG5P72Wdijswyk8VgwnneDPy2WLOWZTH4voc5KMzkEE7SrJtu4Wgkwx1aDaGMs8786P2CeO5TK6hzvSsNwMcwzp_x3s1y9hIB78tCsw70QRiYgxIE2MhkEp1zhXs8RnVRhLmuQ3PrVVzDp09pwBLm/s1533/T1%20w%200.25%20margin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1533" data-original-width="1313" height="775" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSIEFG52hAH29-kVTwIUjb8HOqpupauCdzywGxW1rPG5P72Wdijswyk8VgwnneDPy2WLOWZTH4voc5KMzkEE7SrJtu4Wgkwx1aDaGMs8786P2CeO5TK6hzvSsNwMcwzp_x3s1y9hIB78tCsw70QRiYgxIE2MhkEp1zhXs8RnVRhLmuQ3PrVVzDp09pwBLm/w662-h775/T1%20w%200.25%20margin.jpg" width="662" /></a></div><br /><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></i><p></p>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-27081257535254718542023-08-16T16:41:00.002-04:002023-08-16T16:41:41.651-04:00A Glimpse Into the Shelter Capacity Spectrum<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu76ztbkuh-Ei8U4v8SWEvPW6-QZz61lHXWIyarfdWq6rmhG2xy7BzPnBG6zzBdhG35slnknr6uX8xcZ6yNfh2wQ3nylZp6P0r6GtMbd6xl8c9sjVQSvAJnswYOBKoS9VWjehOe-Te35MPjHpI6FIZltgAhPOGFxFju45Nf0NMd17UPhqU_1-TxVg_A4EV/s1920/david-brooke-martin-t_ZdxJsE8iM-unsplash%20(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1920" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu76ztbkuh-Ei8U4v8SWEvPW6-QZz61lHXWIyarfdWq6rmhG2xy7BzPnBG6zzBdhG35slnknr6uX8xcZ6yNfh2wQ3nylZp6P0r6GtMbd6xl8c9sjVQSvAJnswYOBKoS9VWjehOe-Te35MPjHpI6FIZltgAhPOGFxFju45Nf0NMd17UPhqU_1-TxVg_A4EV/s320/david-brooke-martin-t_ZdxJsE8iM-unsplash%20(1).jpg" width="320" /></a></div>The public right to protect its health, safety, and welfare
from inadequate property owner provisions of light, air, ventilation,
sanitation, hygiene, fire safety, dwelling area and so on brought us planning, zoning,
and building regulation at the beginning of the 20<sup>th</sup> century. This
was followed by building codes; master plans that anticipated unlimited
annexation; and zoning codes that did not correlate independent regulations
concerning density, parking, building height, yard setbacks, and so on. These
independent zoning requirements couldn’t avoid contradiction because they
lacked the mathematical correlation that can only be provided by architectural
algorithms or the mind of a qualified and talented designer. There is no
substitute for the creative ability to produce uniquely successful projects,
but a mathematically correlated leadership foundation can be created as a
substitute for the random regulation that addresses isolated topics of
architectural design without calculating their combined implications, including
excessive intensity within a sprawling urban fabric. <o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">You will read about the potential to define mathematically
correlated platforms for shelter design leadership by all related city design
professions. It will involve terms like building design category, forecast
model, design specification template, buildable land area, impervious cover,
unpaved open space, shelter area, core area, parking specification, floor
quantity, gross building area, building footprint, and the shelter capacity,
intensity, intrusion, and dominance implications of correlated design
specification decisions. I hope these terms are not new to you since I’ve
written about them often in the past. If they are, I think you will understand
as you read. They will introduce you to the spectrum of development capacity
options that will determine your ability to define and shelter the activities
of growing populations within the composition of a limited Built Domain that is
needed to protect our quality and source of life – the Natural Domain.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Baseline<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The maximum gross building area (GBA) potential of a given
land area will be the baseline for this discussion. I’m going to use the
forecast model G1.L1 in Table 1, and its master equation in cell B39, to establish
this baseline and address the potential I’ve mentioned with something more than
intuition and experience. I’ve discussed this table many times and have
included the derivation of its master equation in my book, <u>The Equations of
Urban Design</u>. The table addresses the (G1) Building Design Category when
gross land area (L1) is given in cell F3. As a reminder, the G1 category
includes all buildings served by a grade parking lot around, but not under, the
building on the same premise. (A building design category may be occupied by any
occupant activity more commonly referred to as a “land use”. The emphasis here
is not on the compatibility of adjacent land use activity, but on the shelter
capacity of a given land area. Capacity and condition encourages or discourages
activity. Shelter capacity, condition, and location deficiencies discourage
economic development.) <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The workhorse for this discussion is Table1. It will be used
to create Tables 2 and 3. The parking assumptions in Table 1 have been entered
in cells A35 and A36. Floor quantity options have been entered in cells
A49-A53; and an assumed gross land area has been entered in cell F3. The
remaining shaded cell variables have been entered as zero to find the maximum
development capacity of the land area given the parking specifications entered.
The result is a prediction of gross building area potential (GBA) in cells
B44-B53 for each of the floor quantity options entered in cells A44-A53. All of
these forecasts are related to the land area given in cell F3. The predictions
represent the maximum gross building area potential of the land area given when
the project area is covered by parking lot and building footprint when the
unpaved open space allocation in cell F11 is zero. This is an extreme condition
but establishes one end of the potential development capacity spectrum for this
building design category, land area, and parking specification. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A Unique G1 Characteristic<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Before I go further, I’d like to point out why I’ve drawn a
line under floor quantity 5 in Tables 1, 2 and 3. The line emphasizes a unique
characteristic of the G1.L1 Building Design Category. I’ve mentioned this before
so I ask previous readers to excuse the repetition. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">When the value entered in cell A35 of Table 1 exceeds the
value entered in cell A36, the surface parking lot will expand at a greater
rate than the building footprint. Parking quantity and area must expand to justify
increases in gross building area produced by increased floor quantities as the
building footprint area declines. This parking lot expansion eventually shrinks
the remaining building footprint area below a useful floor plan area. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The gross building area (GBA) increase per floor is
calculated in cells B44-B53 of Table 1 based on the values entered for (s) and
(a) in cells A35 and A36 of its Design Specification Template. These GBA values
are repeated in Column B of Table 2. The increase per floor becomes negligible
above 5 because of the relationship just mentioned. The line added below the 5
floor mark emphasizes this characteristic. The request for parking variances
begins when the futility of increased floor quantity is recognized. Parking
variances increase gross building area potential because they reduce the
parking lot area required and expand the potential building footprint area.
They also increase intensity that has been unmeasurable in the past. The
variances, however, do not affect the 5 floor characteristic just mentioned. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The (GBA) predictions made in cells B44-B53 of Table 1
represent the maximum (GBA) potential of the land area given the values entered
in the Design Specification Template of Table 1. A change to one or more of these
values would produce a new forecast.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Shelter Capacity<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I also need to introduce the concept of shelter capacity as
a prerequisite to the remainder of this discussion. Gross building area calculations
do not indicate the land area consumed. I have created shelter capacity
calculations for this reason. The shelter capacity of a given buildable land
area is equal to the gross building area square feet planned or present divided
by the buildable land area involved in acres. The resulting dividend is shelter
capacity per acre (SFAC). The calculation makes all building projects
mathematically comparable to the land consumed and has the added benefit of
enabling calculation of the intensity, intrusion, and dominance implied by the
physical presence measured. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Shelter capacity (SFAC) is calculated in cells F44-F53 of
Table 1 based on the equation in cell F43; the gross building area values
calculated in cells B44-B53; and the buildable land area calculated in cell
G10. In this example, the shelter capacity calculations represent the maximum
development capacity of the 1.738 acre land area given based on the design
specification values and floor quantity options entered in Table 1. <span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The relationship between land, building, pavement, and open
space will demand increasing attention as populations continue to expand and we
come to realize that land preservation beyond our Built Domain is a mandate and
not a choice. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Column B4-B13 in Table 2 repeats the shelter capacity values
calculated in cells F44-F53 of Table 1. The remaining columns reflect the
changes that occur when the zero unpaved open space value in cell F11 of Table
1 is replaced by the values in cells B3-M3 of Table 2. Each column in Table 2
calculates the shelter capacity produced in Table 1 for the floor quantity
options entered in cells A4-A13 when the unpaved open space percentage is
amended to equal the constant at the top of each column in Table 2.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Reading across rows 4-13 in Table 2 defines the shelter
capacity reductions that occur when the unpaved open space percentage increases
in row 3. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">When all design specification values remain constant in the
G1.L1 forecast model (except for the unpaved open space percentage in cell F11),
Table 2 shows that: (1) increasing the unpaved open space percentage (S)
required on the buildable land area (BLA) of a project will reduce the gross
building area (GBA) potential of the area, and (2) an increased floor quantity
(f) cannot recover a GBA loss when a significantly greater unpaved open space
percentage (S) is required.<u><o:p></o:p></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The entire range of shelter capacity implications associated
with the unpaved open space increases in cells B3-L3 are shown in the columns
of Table 2.The intensity implications of the increased unpaved open space
allocations in Table 2 are recorded in Table 3. Both of these tables have been
created from Table 1 by modifying the unpaved open space percentage in cell F11
of Table 1 to equal each of the percentages in Row 3 of Table 2 and Row 23 of
Table 3.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Intensity<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Physical intensity is a condition we feel but haven’t been
able to measure. I doubt, however, that many will disagree that it has an
effect on those adjacent to, or surrounded by, its presence. In fact, I believe
that physical intensity has at the very least a social, psychological,
environmental, and economic impact. This is why I created the Implication
Module in Table 1. It measures intensity in relation to the building design
categories and design specification decisions that determine its scope.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Implications Module in Table 1 is based on the gross
building area (GBA) predictions in cells B44-B53. It first measures shelter
capacity (SFAC) in Column F for each of its GBA predictions. It then measures
the intensity (INT), intrusion (INTR), and dominance (DOM) implied by the shelter
capacity calculations in its succeeding columns using the equations in cells
F43, G43, H43, and J43.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Table 3 records the intensity created per floor when the
open space in Row 23 increases to mirror the increases in Row 3 of Table 2. As
expected, intensity declines with the increasing percentage of unpaved open
space provided per floor and increases within each open space category as floor
quantity increases.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Tables 2 and 3 calculate the capacity and intensity options
related to the design specifications entered in Table 1. The additional options
that could be produced are not hard to imagine when you realize that there are
26 shaded design specification locations in Table 1, and that Tables 2 and 3
will change whenever one or more of these shaded values is modified.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It is inevitable that shelter design decisions become a
guessing game with sprawl and excessive intensity as potential outcomes when
the palette of design specification decisions is not understood mathematically
correlated and intensity targets are not defined with knowledge based on
pre-existing research.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Choice<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Table 1 uses extreme design specification choices to define
one end of the development capacity spectrum when parking value (s) equals 400
and (a) equals 250. The shelter capacity limits in Column B of Table 2 and the
intensity levels in Column B of Table 3 measure the implications of these
extreme choices. The remaining columns C-M in Table 2 present the shelter
capacity reductions that occur when unpaved open space percentages increase in
cells C4-M4. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The intensity levels in Columns C-M of Table 3 also decline
with the increased unpaved open space percentages in Table 2. The tables
clarify the choices available and implications involved. There are many more
than presented. They change whenever one or more design specification values in
the shaded cells of Table 1 change. The choices are in our hands. Measurement
and evaluation of existing projects can help us understand the related consequences
of design specifications, shelter capacity, and intensity decisions for all
building design categories within a correlated mathematical spectrum of shelter
capacity options. Evaluating these choices can help us acquire a better
understanding of the places we create around the shelter we inhabit within the
limited Built Domain we must define.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Walter M. Hosack: August, 2023<o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNEbAzuk5IOAU-1WPo_Y-nOXpSq47H0ZRH4YqANHrJ08g2srX33_tTqDCxR5p58-D2_r7Zjkjx5IEd9TXoO8Dtq-soozxVZKjFYNRyWdbSTK0jMP19F40jhDqNRLBhJMSz7w4UH7rgxXmAgAJn3QAJ8LdI5DlnDPAPfomnfLhUG2DU4Qqem1qHhIQGt0B3/s1533/T1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1533" data-original-width="1058" height="912" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNEbAzuk5IOAU-1WPo_Y-nOXpSq47H0ZRH4YqANHrJ08g2srX33_tTqDCxR5p58-D2_r7Zjkjx5IEd9TXoO8Dtq-soozxVZKjFYNRyWdbSTK0jMP19F40jhDqNRLBhJMSz7w4UH7rgxXmAgAJn3QAJ8LdI5DlnDPAPfomnfLhUG2DU4Qqem1qHhIQGt0B3/w630-h912/T1.jpg" width="630" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8qdTeOQnl33IoAmzcvLFlmQdhJmL3dcOazKNOdbfJpPUlRnQHk1lzxLYjrRn7MMHzuyHHZoril_HPIFQ5KGRlUcqHiZ9tfXmRSwWSyP6LoJ0dNCbQwsbtFZOlqeVSNY4ri2c3uUI-o95AtCik2pZbrLBJN9pEDbEjYpjlDrTySLD8xIQwpXftjX8Cko6-/s1101/T2%20T3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="949" data-original-width="1101" height="542" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8qdTeOQnl33IoAmzcvLFlmQdhJmL3dcOazKNOdbfJpPUlRnQHk1lzxLYjrRn7MMHzuyHHZoril_HPIFQ5KGRlUcqHiZ9tfXmRSwWSyP6LoJ0dNCbQwsbtFZOlqeVSNY4ri2c3uUI-o95AtCik2pZbrLBJN9pEDbEjYpjlDrTySLD8xIQwpXftjX8Cko6-/w629-h542/T2%20T3.jpg" width="629" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo by David Brooke Martin on Unsplash</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><br />Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-39418614573026975552023-07-26T08:13:00.002-04:002023-07-27T11:12:38.741-04:00A Mathematical Form and Pattern Language for City Design<p>Letter to Dr. Mohammed ouda, Ph.D</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0Uw3f9S7HJzJpHeECEZGOVcDrnaBQGIT05HWwmRjE_KIi_mJ4tgxxM4soAa614EjU9e1RLcDp8u68qHevFQoOPRdYfrhh5Ilr8-RT61H0s_D-BJPlrD_XOrHv2JJtbPwzDWfUYy5v50BDV1vmNB2iw0jzRWP-wCyaPhNCkTwLiD1gg1IFjOoQrz2MmZBY/s791/OCLC.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="236" data-original-width="791" height="95" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0Uw3f9S7HJzJpHeECEZGOVcDrnaBQGIT05HWwmRjE_KIi_mJ4tgxxM4soAa614EjU9e1RLcDp8u68qHevFQoOPRdYfrhh5Ilr8-RT61H0s_D-BJPlrD_XOrHv2JJtbPwzDWfUYy5v50BDV1vmNB2iw0jzRWP-wCyaPhNCkTwLiD1gg1IFjOoQrz2MmZBY/s320/OCLC.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p> I have spent many years attempting to correlate
two-dimensional urban patterns with their three-dimensional implications using
mathematics. These patterns grow one cell at a time to produce the urban form
we inhabit. Some results have been referred to as sprawl and others as
excessive intensity. Neither has had an adequate leadership definition
preventing us from repeating these results. (These cells are more commonly
referred to as lots, parcels, projects, and so on.)</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">My effort has focused on the characteristics and growth
options for an individual shelter cell since it combines with others to form a
Shelter Division served by the Movement, Open Space, and Life Support Divisions
of its Built Domain anatomy. The effort has involved a new building design
classification format, new design specification templates related to each
building design category (BDC), template algorithms that distill the values entered
to produce the values needed by a BDC master equation, and gross building area
options predicted by the equation based on the floor quantity alternatives
entered in the template after all other relevant two-dimensional site plan
design value percentages are entered.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The result is a prediction of gross building area
alternatives related to the floor quantity options entered. When these gross
building area options are divided by the buildable acres identified, the result
is a series of shelter capacity alternatives that have physical intensity,
intrusion, and dominance implications that be calculated. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The design specification values related to existing projects
can also be measured for evaluation. The implication calculations will form a
new language based on measurement and evaluation that we can call the science
of city design. It is perfectly suited to landscape architecture, urban design,
and city planning. It requires no architectural prerequisites to address the
form and pattern of an urban anatomy that cannot continue to grow and
indefinitely consume its source of life with sprawl and excessive intensity.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I have written four books and over 200 essays on this
subject. The essay list can be found on my blog at <a href="http://www.wmhosack.blogspot.com/">www.wmhosack.blogspot.com</a>. My last
book is entitled, “The Equations of Urban Design” and is available from
Amazon.com at a very nominal price. It contains my attempt to correlate
two-dimensional patterns with their three-dimensional physical implications
using a new scientific language based on the persuasive vocabulary of
mathematics as its foundation. I have made the effort because I believe we need
the language to speak in more credible and convincing terms based on
measurement, evaluation, and accumulation of lasting knowledge to support ephemeral
design talent.<o:p></o:p></p>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Walter M. Hosack: July, 2023</span>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-7130060476456044972023-07-03T10:16:00.004-04:002023-07-12T08:27:48.690-04:00Confronting Sprawl: with the language & mathematics required to build knowledge and leadership credibility<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjP2jixjy81UG2k90CbrMPlvtQ1dHAV0DkzgCw6SHShy3yraVMdfd1NU0NGQ0WFBCspeD7SABhZoclzRgGzrrd-6WR6DNTkh5bZZaHYTUH3TzCdJQrkBeg-2DRDKqRg13gTwmf16-SiccXwnsbTb3bwb3cAn8O6JbOd55cboDGXPOdGrYMV-roSVZv-Srp/s635/San%20Fran%20pic.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="635" data-original-width="620" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjP2jixjy81UG2k90CbrMPlvtQ1dHAV0DkzgCw6SHShy3yraVMdfd1NU0NGQ0WFBCspeD7SABhZoclzRgGzrrd-6WR6DNTkh5bZZaHYTUH3TzCdJQrkBeg-2DRDKqRg13gTwmf16-SiccXwnsbTb3bwb3cAn8O6JbOd55cboDGXPOdGrYMV-roSVZv-Srp/w218-h224/San%20Fran%20pic.jpg" width="218" /></a></div><span face=""Segoe UI", "sans-serif"" style="background-color: white;">I don’t believe the use of land to shelter
increasing population activity </span>has been seriously considered a threat to our
survival. If it has at some intellectual level, the concern has not been
converted to a definition of sustainable geographic limits for cities that protect
agriculture and the Natural Domain. We continue to rely on unlimited annexation
to expand the land area needed to shelter the activities of increasing
populations, and this continues to consume our source of life with sprawl.<p></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Segoe UI","sans-serif"" style="background: white; line-height: 115%;">The law of limits for all other
species is a simple equation related to the land available. We are no different,
but have considered land as property and a convertible commodity without limit.
Part of this attitude, I believe, is due to our incredibly small individual presence
on the planet; hubris that fails to recognize our parasitic behavior; and an
inability to lead shelter capacity decisions with the abstract comprehension,
measurement, prediction, and evaluation required. We represent microscopic
activity expanding in a petri dish being observed by a universe that will not
intervene to diagnose and treat behavior that exceeds the planet’s law of
limits. We are expected to recognize the obligation. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Segoe UI","sans-serif"" style="background: white; line-height: 115%;">There is no question in my mind that
there is a power beyond our comprehension, but I don’t believe it exists to
save us from ourselves. We have been given guidance, permitted choice, and are expected
to make the right decisions. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Segoe UI","sans-serif"" style="background: white; line-height: 115%;">In the case of shelter for the
activities of growing populations, it is one of four divisions in the Urban and
Rural </span><span face=""Segoe UI","sans-serif"" style="background: white; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">P</span><span face=""Segoe UI","sans-serif"" style="background: white; line-height: 115%;">hyla of a Built Domain that is in competition with our source
of life - the Natural Domain. The other three divisions serve the Shelter
Division and provide the movement, open space, and life support infrastructure
it needs to survive. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Segoe UI","sans-serif"" style="background: white; line-height: 115%;">The path we follow in our cities will
depend on our ability to build knowledge that can lead us away from unlimited
sprawl. This direction will not be provided by divine guidance. We must acquire
the knowledge needed to define direction and correlate the many professions
that must contribute. Until then, we seem to have concluded that we can rely on
citizen participation for decisions. I hope to show in this essay that this
participation cannot command the detail required to plan the strategy needed
for leadership. The goal is rather self-evident. We must learn to shelter the
activities of growing populations within a geographically limited Built Doman
designed to protect their quality and source of life – the Natural Domain.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Segoe UI","sans-serif"" style="background: white; line-height: 115%;">I have mentioned this topic in many
essays. At its heart has been a conviction that we do not have the city design
language needed to step beyond conflict over opinion with the measurement,
evaluation, and prediction needed to build knowledge, gain credibility, and
introduce restraint within a political environment that does not recognize the
issue as one of survival. The protection of health, safety, and welfare has helped
us to survive. It has overlooked the implications of unlimited growth and
consumption on a planet that is no longer a “land without end”. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Segoe UI","sans-serif"" style="background: white; line-height: 115%;">Our course can be adjusted by
classifying building design categories in a way that permits us to accurately measure
and predict the shelter capacity of land and the intensity these options imply.
This is relevant because the combination of gross building area and activity on
a given land area produces shelter capacity, intensity, and economic
productivity per buildable acre. It may take a minute to digest this, but may
come into focus when I point out that gross building can be occupied by any
activity. Compatibility of activity has been a city planning concern, but the
quantity of activity and its revenue potential per square foot and per buildable
acre has been a mystery that determines a city’s financial stability. In other
words, a land use activity plan without a correlated gross building area and
condition plan will struggle to define a stable financial strategy over time.
It will be forced to fight endless tactical battles over project proposals with
only a vague understanding of the role they will play in a comprehensive
financial strategy. Calculated correlation of these relationships on every lot
within a city’s land use plan will indicate its current economic stability,
quality of life, and future course of action; since the average annual revenue
received per buildable acre in a city should equal its average annual cost per
acre to provide essential services. If the imbalance is great enough, the
debate over the definition of “essential” begins as budget cuts become an
issue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Segoe UI","sans-serif"" style="background: white; line-height: 115%;">I should also mention that excessive
gross building area on a given land area produces excessive intensity.
Intensity seeking to magnify profit has been a term without a definition and
source of frequent conflict. Floor quantity is only one of many design
specification topics that combine to form intensity. Those who have read some
of my previous essays have read about these topics and the correlation involved.
I won’t repeat myself here for the sake of brevity. I’ll simply mention that
intensity is a function of shelter capacity and can now be measured. The
relationship of intensity to gross building area and activity determines the
revenue potential of a given land area, and the physical dominance introduced within
the urban pattern we inhabit.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Segoe UI","sans-serif"" style="background: white; line-height: 115%;">The objective is to accurately predict
gross building area and intensity options for a given land area based on the
design specification decisions entered in a building category’s forecast model.
This definition is not only useful for prediction. The specification topics can
also be measured at existing locations to benchmark a host of related observations
and evaluations from many professional perspectives. I think we may agree that
measurement can lead to knowledge.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Segoe UI","sans-serif"" style="background: white; line-height: 115%;">I would like to introduce the entire
list of building design categories, activity groups, and master equations I
have proposed. It is included on three pages as Table 1. I am not including the
digital templates that permit a set of design specifications for a building
design category to be evaluated with a few keystrokes. They are beyond the
scope of this limited format. I hope you get acquainted, since the cellular
structure of a city currently represents the anatomy of a parasite that does
not understand the discipline required to survive.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Segoe UI","sans-serif"" style="background: white; line-height: 115%;">The master equations referenced in
Table 1 have been included to show they exist. I have not included explanations
for the abbreviations shown and derivations involved. My primary objective has
been to present the classification needed to proceed with the evaluation of
design specification decisions and shelter capacity implications.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Segoe UI","sans-serif"" style="background: white; line-height: 115%;">POSTSCRIPT<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Segoe UI","sans-serif"" style="background: white; line-height: 115%;">Economic development will continue to
struggle until it can accurately correlate shelter capacity with activity,
intensity, and revenue on every lot in a city. At this point it can begin to
understand the current and future potential of the land involved. This is when
strategic discussions can begin with the information needed. Until then, cities
will continue their annual dance with deficits and city design opinion will
continue seeking a stronger foundation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Segoe UI","sans-serif"" style="background: white; line-height: 115%;">Walter M. Hosack: July, 2023<o:p style="font-size: 10.5pt;"></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDDsQm0VGinkdiOx4mueoy1qzkhy1sj5D7azsiWTRqW8xXSeOdFfIhNqYLOpjBkCm-uMvnWjfifn8P-I0gEMLs6W5HFyWt2cy9nTHhz43tnyoAIXOJyUgdvi3L_lUkOk7Ow4ZNzv_nEO_7cBvKrgZkWuRVgK60hAXFSdBW0kehjgeCNiY3jZ2jBhZ4G6aW/s1416/T1%20of%203.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="1416" height="567" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDDsQm0VGinkdiOx4mueoy1qzkhy1sj5D7azsiWTRqW8xXSeOdFfIhNqYLOpjBkCm-uMvnWjfifn8P-I0gEMLs6W5HFyWt2cy9nTHhz43tnyoAIXOJyUgdvi3L_lUkOk7Ow4ZNzv_nEO_7cBvKrgZkWuRVgK60hAXFSdBW0kehjgeCNiY3jZ2jBhZ4G6aW/w647-h567/T1%20of%203.jpg" width="647" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAQ_kCsR_KV6yBLRemFhBRPxR6N3EZEqmFoAVqzZ6jTG1iabiqIZAY9_4WOErGzYpwgXGO9iiy0omdHuMeaRuDwizp8PuOuOutjDXyMuVxL4Yis5TCeEB8goE-nB1yPOxDjJjPMNVRTBspG9bURHE00KTaxBidNJEbhbCG30z7rpnB-loot08zjAbOugMh/s1464/T2%20of%203.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1464" data-original-width="1416" height="670" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAQ_kCsR_KV6yBLRemFhBRPxR6N3EZEqmFoAVqzZ6jTG1iabiqIZAY9_4WOErGzYpwgXGO9iiy0omdHuMeaRuDwizp8PuOuOutjDXyMuVxL4Yis5TCeEB8goE-nB1yPOxDjJjPMNVRTBspG9bURHE00KTaxBidNJEbhbCG30z7rpnB-loot08zjAbOugMh/w649-h670/T2%20of%203.jpg" width="649" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrJQCobfl-BQsWM0JlQDRUiz_XEhNjUGD9-8Bh9jTLeP83eZr06hmBpA7ivUmseE0dIHe3aN1m_v982RkD5rGrfvuB0WZmLBE9pscfdtb_bEwcPkh-bEo8HIjN-TU4Rsp8L5u5hmLVsOs0Qm744GFrtQ2F6BEjrDm3TqngSUu2YHYndwfuFUV8CqCb3jln/s1416/T3%20of%203.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="1416" height="573" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrJQCobfl-BQsWM0JlQDRUiz_XEhNjUGD9-8Bh9jTLeP83eZr06hmBpA7ivUmseE0dIHe3aN1m_v982RkD5rGrfvuB0WZmLBE9pscfdtb_bEwcPkh-bEo8HIjN-TU4Rsp8L5u5hmLVsOs0Qm744GFrtQ2F6BEjrDm3TqngSUu2YHYndwfuFUV8CqCb3jln/w654-h573/T3%20of%203.jpg" width="654" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><span face=""Segoe UI","sans-serif"" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span><p></p>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-64164002683962575142023-06-18T11:22:00.002-04:002023-06-19T09:24:50.364-04:00Correlating the Decisions that Create Density<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzQ_ePhfyG_y4YJrnqo6Cq6gWtmKAf4kzVCPt-ld4VrYg7jJysb_RYugeU0uOWnwxkkWzvPYoVpzYO5OxqFL4IpBFW8HgmmMQDcEOsxDzZwsgKkJnHgxhNbWMiK6hSnazro2HnsxpEMqxHsr4TXpx0pQI3j3J5wAOdXmKJVTTawmgtn6dbHiTYzwYFUA/s800/4%20dubai.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzQ_ePhfyG_y4YJrnqo6Cq6gWtmKAf4kzVCPt-ld4VrYg7jJysb_RYugeU0uOWnwxkkWzvPYoVpzYO5OxqFL4IpBFW8HgmmMQDcEOsxDzZwsgKkJnHgxhNbWMiK6hSnazro2HnsxpEMqxHsr4TXpx0pQI3j3J5wAOdXmKJVTTawmgtn6dbHiTYzwYFUA/w300-h199/4%20dubai.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>Density in terms of dwelling units per acre is a definition containing
two ambiguities and a lack of correlation that has compromised its leadership
ability. There is a better way to define an objective that has global
significance.<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The first ambiguity is an unspecified percentage of the acre
that is available for shelter construction. This immediately makes physical
intensity an unmeasurable quantity. As an example, portions of the acre may be
required for public right-of-way. In this case a “gross acre” is reduced to an
available “net area”. Portions of the net area may be consumed by ravines,
protected wetlands, streams, and so on. The remainder then becomes a “buildable
land area”. Portions of the buildable area may be devoted to common open space
shared by a number of dwelling units. In this case the remainder becomes a
“shelter area”. A density calculation or regulation that does not accurately define
the area on which it is based introduces uncertain intensity, ambiguity, and
argument.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The second ambiguity is an unspecified maximum dwelling unit
area for the quantity permitted per acre. This problem is easiest to visualize
by considering the same dwelling unit on decreasing land areas. The result is
increasing amounts of physical intensity, intrusion, and dominance, but we have
been unable to calculate or measure these implications. We have simply formed
opinions based on individual perception.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The following discussion will explain the measurement topics
that are required to adequately define density and predict future implications
in the leadership detail required. The template used will address one building
design category occupied by one activity group. The format is similar, but not
identical, for all forecast models related to six building design categories
that are occupied by a wide variety of activity groups around the globe. The
alternative is simply a continuation of the methods that have brought us
annexation, sprawl, and continuing consumption of both agriculture and the land
of our natural domain. I have frequently explained this category classification
in the past and will avoid duplication here for the sake of brevity.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Density does not lead shelter design decisions. It is a
product of them. The broad design discretion permitted by the concept, and the
lack of correlation among its variable determinants, has produced random
results fashioned with opinion. Annexation and sprawl symbolize the continuing
leadership confusion with excessive land consumption. This isn’t the first time
I’ve said this, but I keep trying to simplify the explanation. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It takes a correlated set of design value decisions to
determine density, and these measurable decisions have shelter capacity,
intensity, intrusion, and dominance implications that can be measured. I intend
to explain one set in this brief essay. Many optional design specification values
are not desirable, but this remains to be proven with evaluation of accurate, measureable
analysis. The objective is simple and probably controversial. We must learn to
live within a geographically limited Built Domain that shelters the many
activities of growing populations while protecting their quality of life and their
source of life – the Natural Domain. We cannot do this with a random approach
that depends on opinion without an adequate foundation of acquired knowledge.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I’m going to explain density by leading you through the 51 measureable
design specification decisions that lead to this conclusion in the example I
have chosen. It will also show that these decisions produce measureable capacity,
intensity, intrusion, and dominance implications that we either enjoy or endure
within the Shelter Division of our cities. Correlation of these decisions is
the key. Quality of life and economic potential are outcomes encouraged by the
right decisions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">THE FORECAST MODEL<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The following example begins with a given gross land area, a
given building design category, and apartment activity as the given occupant
group. If you have read my earlier work you will recognize the G1.R3.L1
Forecast Model included as Table 1. The notation “G1” refers to all buildings
served by surface parking around but not under the building on the same
premise. The notation “R3” refers to gross building areas subdivided to contain
three or more single floor apartment “flats” for residential activity. The
notation “L1” indicates that gross land area must be given. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Currently, activities are grouped under the term “land use
category” rather than “activity group”. This has confused the distinction
between a building design category and an occupant activity. This essay is
based on a shelter classification system that contains six building design
categories occupied by most, if not all, activity groups around the planet. A
building design category may be occupied by an activity. It is the correlation
of shelter capacity with activity on land that determines the economic
potential of the land as well as the physical intensity introduced. We have had
to rely on opinion and rules of thumb to assess these opportunities. Opinion is
enough to debate the merits of fine art; but only enough to start the
measurement and evaluation needed to proceed with an effort to build transferrable
knowledge regarding shelter capacity, intensity, and economic stability.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Land Module<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This explanation begins with the Land Module in Table 1. Gross
land area given in shaded cell F3. An unbuildable land area percentage is
requested in cell F4. The area percentages to be set aside for existing
conditions to remain and future expansion are requested in cells F5 and F6.
Subtraction produces the net land area percentage remaining in cell F7. The
percentage of net land area estimated for public right-of-way is requested in
cell F8. Subtraction of this area from net area produces the buildable land
area remaining in cell F10. The percentage of buildable land area to be set
aside for unpaved open space is requested in cell F11. The impervious cover
remaining for building cover and all other pavement is found in cell F12 by
subtracting the value entered in cell F11 from 100%. Portions of the project
area unpaved open space and impervious cover remaining in the buildable land
area may be devoted to common area serving more than one building in a larger
project area. If so, the percentages of buildable land area contemplated are
requested in cells F13 and F14. Common space allocation, when introduced,
reduces the impervious cover and unpaved open space percentages of buildable
land area remaining. These reductions, if present, are shown in cells F15 and
F16. The sum of the impervious cover and unpaved open space percentages remaining
in cells F16 and F17 produce the remaining project shelter area in cell F17. Finding
this value is the objective of the Land Module.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Core Module<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The objective of the Core Module is to subtract all
additional estimated miscellaneous impervious cover percentages that reduce
total impervious cover percentage in the shelter area. Subtraction finds the
core area remaining for building cover and surface parking in cell F32.
Defining this core area makes the derivation of a master equation capable of
predicting gross building area options for the core area feasible.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The master equation is located in cell B51, but the values
(a), (f), and (s) in the equation remain to be defined. The value (f)
represents floor quantity. The values under consideration are entered as
options in cells A56-A65. The value (a) represents the gross building area
square feet that may be constructed per parking space provided. The value (s)
represents the average parking lot square feet per parking space planned or
provided. Both are found using the R3 Apartment Module.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">R3 Apartment Module<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I mentioned at the beginning of this essay that density
expression does not specify the average dwelling unit area (ADU) used to
produce the density involved. It also omits the values (s) and (a) from its
definition. These omissions can produce a wide range of shelter capacity,
intensity, intrusion, and dominance results. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The R3 Apartment Module has been used to find
these values and make the prediction of gross building area (GBA) options
feasible with the use of the master equation in cell B51. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The dwelling unit types planned are entered in cells A41-A45.
The percentage allocation for each type is entered in cells B41-B45. The
habitable area planned for each is entered in cells C41-C45. These habitable
areas are increased by the efficiency factor entered in cell F37 to determine
the estimated gross building area required for each habitable area in cells
D41-D45. The average dwelling unit area involved (ADU) is calculated from the
data entered and calculated in cell D47. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The number of garage spaces planned for each dwelling unit
type is entered in cells E41-E45. The number of parking spaces planned for each
dwelling unit type is entered in cells F41-F45. The average parking area per
parking space for all dwelling units planned (a) is calculated in cell J47. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The value (s) is a design variable decision entered in cell
F36. The value chosen has a great deal to do with the landscape quality
anticipated for the parking lot. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I’ve already mentioned that master equation value (f) is represented
by a series of floor quantity options entered in cells A56-A65. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The master equation in cell B51 is the product of an
extensive derivation that is not included for the sake of brevity. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">At this point I hope it is clear that design value decisions
must be entered in the 51 shaded cells of Table 1 before their density
implication can be accurately calculated by the master equation in cell B51. Omitting
this information introduces too much ambiguity for adequate leadership within a
limited Built Domain that must be constrained from consuming its agriculture
and source of life.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Planning Forecast Panel<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The gross building area (GBA) options calculated in cells
B56-B65 of Table 1 have been the objective of this forecast model, and they are
a function of the values entered in the shaded cells of Table 1. A change to
one or more of these values would produce different forecast results since they
are all correlated. This should indicate the sensitivity of the correlation
that has been managed with instinct, intuition, and talent for centuries. When these
gross building area options are divided by the buildable acres involved, the
options that result are presented as shelter capacity (SFAC) options in cells
J56-J65. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The calculation of gross building area options for a given
land area makes any number of related predictions feasible. A few are
calculated with simple arithmetic in Columns C-H of the Planning Forecast Panel
as examples of this potential. I won’t spend time with them since they are relatively
self-explanatory. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Implications Module<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I’ve previously mentioned that an inability to accurately
calculate gross building area and shelter capacity per buildable acre can
result in estimations that either waste land or produce excessive intensity on
inadequate land area. The Implications Module introduces a method of measuring
shelter capacity, intensity, intrusion, and dominance that will be produced by
a given or measured set of design specifications. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">An example set of specifications has been entered in the 51 shaded
cells of Table 1. The implications calculated in Columns J-M of the
Implications Module are like the first blood pressure measurements. We will not
understand their meaning until we measure and evaluate a test group of project
areas to understand the unwritten knowledge they convey. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I’ve included density per shelter acre (dSHAC) and density
per gross acre (dGAC) in Columns M and N to show how density implications are a
product of the leadership decisions entered in the 51 shaded cells of Table 1. As
an isolated requirement without the specifications provided, it is simply too imprecise
to lead these decisions toward a desired objective.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Dwelling Unit Forecast Panel<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The forecast panel beginning on Row 67 of both Tables 1 and
2 is provided to help assess the design implications of the design
specification values entered and the floor quantity entered in cell B70. The
rounded dwelling unit quantities calculated on Row 71 are intended as a guide,
not as a floor plan solution. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Postscript<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">I’m going to ask you to imagine for a
moment. If you, your client, or an applicant filled in the values requested in
the shaded boxes of Table 1 on paper, you could enter them in the digital
template illustrated to determine their implications. If prior research and
evaluation had defined capacity, intensity, intrusion, and dominance targets,
the specification could either be approved or modified with a few keystrokes to
meet them. This doesn’t mean that all differences of opinion regarding the
values entered can be resolved without recourse to a Zoning Board of Adjustment.
It simply provides a more objective, efficient, and comprehensive common
platform for evaluation by all parties involved. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Unpaved
Open Space – Stormwater<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">This is a topic that has been
largely ignored in the quest to increase the permitted number of dwelling units
on a given land area with the least expense. If I reduced the unpaved open
space percentage specified in shaded cell F11 of Table 1 to that shown in Table
2, the dwelling unit quantities in Column D of the Table 2 Forecast Panel
increase along with the densities calculated in Columns M and N of the
Implications Module. The impervious cover percentage in cell F11 also increases.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">Density approval of the increase
requested can often overlook the storm sewer capacity required by the increased
impervious cover. Later variance approvals for more impervious cover on the
same lots can easily increase the problem. The conflict between public benefit and
private expense should be obvious. I won’t expand on the issue since I’ve
discussed it in previous essays. I note it here because it is one reason for
the unpaved open space percentage requested for evaluation in cell F11 of Table
1, and the resulting maximum impervious cover percentage that is calculated in
cell F12. These values would apply to all future variance requests as well. If
a city defines these percentages and insists on recording these decisions to
protect its infrastructure, it will need to depend on accurate site plan review
of the percentages requested in the future.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">Cell Aggregation<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">Table 1 is a design specification
for a single project area, or cell, in the Shelter Division of our Built Domain.
Cells aggregate to form an urban anatomy we call cities in a Built Domain we
have failed to recognize as a parasite. The challenge is to measure and design
every existing and proposed cell in this domain using forecast models to
conserve land and encourage economic stability with the same intensity that we
devote to weather evaluation. The anatomy of the Built Domain has not been born
in symbiotic harmony with the planet. It has grown under mistaken assumptions.
City design with authority is the only remedy available.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">Walter M. Hosack: June, 2023</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmmerCpjkJNwnYSKcNzSEnwY2c-_W_NBQb1gWD4Rg2_RMbl_fH1MqP-50qQ0_J6L9KFoJkbFbwnMNEHTgY0SoD2Rmm-oH2eJw6P-YGVCnd-ZnjMUKPOZVe10noj4HbN6IkEoA4oTATwLYRBREcoq5lD5t9PiNZa-vOiYb7AkMAELfDAWUH-hbO0DHe1Q/s1906/T1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1906" data-original-width="1465" height="744" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmmerCpjkJNwnYSKcNzSEnwY2c-_W_NBQb1gWD4Rg2_RMbl_fH1MqP-50qQ0_J6L9KFoJkbFbwnMNEHTgY0SoD2Rmm-oH2eJw6P-YGVCnd-ZnjMUKPOZVe10noj4HbN6IkEoA4oTATwLYRBREcoq5lD5t9PiNZa-vOiYb7AkMAELfDAWUH-hbO0DHe1Q/w572-h744/T1.jpg" width="572" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3j5q46CKWbbFDVCVwJgj9cBl3_Y4r4WuVIy8aV34cu1b3rwcaRUFHFJ_13h_I-XPhvfhVoKgk8oIwsELjO8v_e6C-r79Zmv_GfTYHPERIFh0EwVNuTKHtkZB9IYnZFtrYqlXy39_fPO1bxZOfK7mmPpq4F70K7_4ApjzBSdVnGgT24bsqctSc96Mlzg/s1906/T2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1906" data-original-width="1465" height="747" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3j5q46CKWbbFDVCVwJgj9cBl3_Y4r4WuVIy8aV34cu1b3rwcaRUFHFJ_13h_I-XPhvfhVoKgk8oIwsELjO8v_e6C-r79Zmv_GfTYHPERIFh0EwVNuTKHtkZB9IYnZFtrYqlXy39_fPO1bxZOfK7mmPpq4F70K7_4ApjzBSdVnGgT24bsqctSc96Mlzg/w575-h747/T2.jpg" width="575" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><br /></p>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-28386449070508942512023-06-02T09:25:00.003-04:002023-06-04T08:27:48.243-04:00Making the Argument for Shelter Capacity Evaluation<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9aGbTSfwtmqJwDV3Wfl7rLwmXDToNMme9EW9AVRNJp2uNlg3BN__2ufrUU5JWLbrtKgWLYELnm18WFO5qMP0ap7KdtVvms2GAFSAUNn424nbJfar1KPjdLWJpQsZeX7cAr1mx7Ua0P1TNJaR0bxk9DI-PNy7xq-Xl6dFKf5e_39Of3icTluM6sYf0GQ/s876/F%208.4%20Asherton%20aerial.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="269" data-original-width="876" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9aGbTSfwtmqJwDV3Wfl7rLwmXDToNMme9EW9AVRNJp2uNlg3BN__2ufrUU5JWLbrtKgWLYELnm18WFO5qMP0ap7KdtVvms2GAFSAUNn424nbJfar1KPjdLWJpQsZeX7cAr1mx7Ua0P1TNJaR0bxk9DI-PNy7xq-Xl6dFKf5e_39Of3icTluM6sYf0GQ/w441-h135/F%208.4%20Asherton%20aerial.jpg" width="441" /></a></div><br /> I have pursued the proposition that we must learn to shelter
the many activities of growing populations within limited geographic areas,
without excessive intensity; since it seems self-evident that we cannot
continue to consume the land for expanding shelter and cities indefinitely -- without
consuming our source of life. This effort has produced a new building design
category classification system and related series of forecast models for gross
building area prediction, measurement, evaluation, knowledge formation, and
leadership improvement. The emphasis has been on the gross building area
potential of land, the shelter capacity options per buildable acre available, and the intensity implies, since shelter capacity determines the scope of activity we can shelter and the revenue potential implied long before final
building plan, form and appearance are established.<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Annexation and sprawl currently symbolize our approach to land
conversion for shelter construction. Regulating land use relationships with
zoning has proven to be a partial answer since this is not simply a matter of
compatibility. This concept has stimulated sprawl and
unnecessary consumption of an irreplaceable resource. Its limited success has
encouraged annexation for more shelter and revenue since the effort gives the
illusion of fiscal responsibility over the term of an elected official. This often
proves inadequate over time as the annexed area ages and its “new” revenue does
not keep pace with the city’s increase in public service cost per acre. Further
annexation continues the illusion with more sprawl that often seeks future
fiscal rescue with more consumption of a limited resource. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The problem continues because the physical relationship
between shelter capacity, activity, intensity, intrusion, and dominance is not
understood, cannot be defined, and cannot be mathematically correlated with
economic potential. The result has been the promiscuous consumption of land in
a blind search for an affordable and desirable quality of life. The tools
available have simply been too limited to: (1) evaluate the entire set of
options available; (2) build knowledge; and (3) produce leadership direction
without unlimited consumption of our source of life.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The forecast models I’ve mentioned are based on a new
classification system for building design based on the parking
system employed. The result is six comprehensive categories that can produce
increasing quantities of gross building area to shelter the many activity
groups we have created. This is significant because the amount of gross
building area in a city combines with permitted occupant activity to determine
the majority of revenue received per buildable acre. The total received must equal a city’s
total average annual cost per acre to operate. When it doesn’t a city begins to
discuss the alternatives available to balance its budget.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Two templates, or forecast models, have been created for
each building design category to predict either:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The <u>gross building area</u> capacity of a
given land area based on a given building design
category and the values entered in the shaded cells of its design specification
panel, or </p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The <u>buildable land area</u> required for a
given gross building area objective based on a given building design category
and the values entered in the shaded cells of its design specification panel.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A forecast model has been created for each of the objectives
mentioned above for each building design category. An algorithm in each model processes the values entered for
use by its master equation. The equation has been derived to answer one of the two questions above for a given building design category. Results are predicted for
a series of floor quantity options entered in the first column of the model’s
forecast panel. The gross building area or buildable land area results vary
with floor quantity option considered. These options are translated into
shelter capacity per buildable acre, intensity, intrusion, and dominance
implications with the help of the equations noted in the implications module of
the forecast model. The correlation of building category, design specification,
forecast panel, and implications module permits the measurement and evaluation
needed to build knowledge regarding the capacity of land, quality of life, and
intensity implied by the specification values under consideration.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">When gross building area can be accurately predicted or
measured per acre, anything that is a function of the building square feet
involved, such as cost, revenue, location, condition, population, traffic
volume, and so on can be measured, estimated, or correlated to achieve a given
objective within a city’s incorporated limits. It is the correlation of
capacity, activity, intensity, location, and condition per acre that determines
a city’s ability to meet a revenue objective and afford a desired quality of
life.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">To my knowledge, this is the first time that strategic architectural
design decisions and implications have been separated, measured, and predicted
in mathematical terms that have the potential to lead. Strategic decisions precede such tactical decisions as: building appearance; building form; building
setbacks; floor plan subdivision; parking arrangement; site plan appearance; engineering sytems; and
so on. Strategic decisions determine the shelter capacity, intensity,
intrusion, and dominance present or proposed by the relationship of building
mass, pavement, and unpaved open space specified for a given buildable land
area. These decisions produce gross building area results and shelter capacity
per buildable acre that have not been correlated with permitted activity to
achieve an economic objective. They are, however, the foundation for tactical
decisions that determine what we see. In other words, strategic and tactical
decisions combine to produce and symbolize the quality of life we create.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I’ve called the forecast model package Shelter Capacity
Evaluation for want of a better title, and written about earlier versions in my
first book with McGraw-Hill in 2001. It relates in my opinion to: city
planning, urban design, landscape architecture, architecture, civil
engineering, government, law, zoning; real estate development, environmental
assessment, demography, appraisal, banking, and investment. These are at least
some of the professions that consume or evaluate land to provide shelter for all
human activity.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I’ve pursued this effort because I believe we must do a much
better job of predicting the capacity of land to shelter the many activities of
growing populations within a geographically limited Built Domain. Annexation
and sprawl currently symbolize the threat this lack of leadership ability
represents. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">I am attaching a copy of a sample spreadsheet that
predicts the gross building area potential of a given land area based on the
variables entered in the shaded cells of its template. It pertains to the G1 Building
Design Category (G1 buildings have surface parking around, but not under, the
building on the same premise.) When the gross land area is given the forecast model
is labeled G1.L1. When a gross building area objective is given and the
objective is to determine the buildable land area needed given various floor
quantity options, the forecast model is labeled G1.B1. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">PS: I would like to introduce the forecast models I’ve created
as a subscription software application and am inquiring if you would be willing
to undertake this effort in the hope of multiplying your investment as a
percentage of its profit. I am not interested in pursuing the sales and
marketing associated with the business aspects of this effort, but am willing
to serve as a consultant. I will only respond to investors I consider serious with
a proven business track record and a willingness to explore new opportunities. <o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm87kkiisEAiPfJ5z-ms-GeYN-28tnMcBRDJgNO-RorDyi3fh55YDSjSUtJzrds5vVVyeTtGClbwCbr55zY2GAgC6z-LS9A0zaOC85nSL_k1XdlFWLMkw5xKkhUF_nxraDvVopcFQgJen4ybn_A9FoeLqMibiUeFu19IDVSeS7l463XfSBP0dQ3EHkXA/s1533/Pic%20G1.L1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1533" data-original-width="1416" height="711" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm87kkiisEAiPfJ5z-ms-GeYN-28tnMcBRDJgNO-RorDyi3fh55YDSjSUtJzrds5vVVyeTtGClbwCbr55zY2GAgC6z-LS9A0zaOC85nSL_k1XdlFWLMkw5xKkhUF_nxraDvVopcFQgJen4ybn_A9FoeLqMibiUeFu19IDVSeS7l463XfSBP0dQ3EHkXA/w658-h711/Pic%20G1.L1.jpg" width="658" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-25541101878387443352023-05-18T11:09:00.001-04:002023-05-18T11:09:30.566-04:00The Relationship between Genesis 1:28 and City Design<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxzUALf9yRqFLfN5vFwdQmk4Nxk48Ikw9ei26zyCXkvA6OyI3AiBg0jw-jm86hF_3dWqmGPndd72pMRasrEJV9rMZfS5or4z8VE28plcaazNptyI26wYzdpLxCV3xlnBUW9kXOmi-o4D9jbuNLNz4rtVa0Vo69fq9iIJBtilkixlxH4eU26BmT8muwTw/s6000/IMG_0192.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="6000" data-original-width="4000" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxzUALf9yRqFLfN5vFwdQmk4Nxk48Ikw9ei26zyCXkvA6OyI3AiBg0jw-jm86hF_3dWqmGPndd72pMRasrEJV9rMZfS5or4z8VE28plcaazNptyI26wYzdpLxCV3xlnBUW9kXOmi-o4D9jbuNLNz4rtVa0Vo69fq9iIJBtilkixlxH4eU26BmT8muwTw/s320/IMG_0192.JPG" width="213" /></a></div> <br />We have had to depend on opinion for decisions since the beginning
of time. Even the point in time has been a matter of opinion, and differences
of opinion have produced conflict seeking dominance with social, political,
and/or military power since any point in time you choose. Opinion was the basis
for all decisions until science began calling them hypotheses.<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I am concerned with the command that we should be fruitful and increase
in number since it has produced an opinion. No quantity limit is specified for
a planet that clearly has limits. In fact, I believe it is subject to an
unwritten law of limits that we must define and learn to respect. Further, we
are commanded to subdue the Earth and rule over all of its creatures. No
further definition is given. Implementation of the command is left to the
discretion of the reader. Discretion invites interpretation and intent becomes
a matter of opinion. Divine inspiration is introduced in an attempt to win the
argument as a claim that cannot be refuted. I do not wish to refute the passage
below or invoke divine inspiration. I simply ask that you consider the intent
since it is written in the form of a goal that requires many implementation
decisions. In these cases, a literal interpretation leaves too many unanswered
questions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in;"><i><span style="background: white; color: #001320; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Genesis
1:28: God blessed them and said to them: “Be fruitful and increase in number;
fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in
the sky and over every living creature that moves on the ground.”</span></i><i><o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In the case of Genesis 1:28 the objectives are to: “Be fruitful
and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it…Rule over every living
creature…” The implied command, or goal, is to survive. There is no indication
of the quantity increase in population intended, the extent of land on Earth
that should be populated; the definition of “subdue”; or the methods that
should be used to rule every living creature. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We have succeeded in achieving: (1) population growth without
limit, (2) filling the land of the Earth with unlimited shelter sprawl, (3)
subduing the Earth with unlimited engineering prowess, and (4) ruling over
every living creature with violence and power that pales in the face of the unlimited
universe it challenges. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In my opinion, we have done a very poor job interpreting Genesis
1:28 because we have focused on tactics rather than the strategy needed to
achieve the goal of survival. Continued failure may result in our extinction. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">My limited contribution, if it proves to be one, has focused
on the classification and forecasting spreadsheets needed to measure, evaluate,
and predict the capacity of land to shelter the activities of growing
populations; since shelter capacity options have measureable intensity,
intrusion, and dominance implications. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I doubt that many will challenge my assertion that there is
a limited amount of land available and that it faces many competing demands. I
simply began long ago by classifying these demands into two separate worlds on
the same planet: The Natural Domain and The Built Domain. The strategy we adopt
for each to achieve the command to survive will determine our future progress
toward the goal. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The road to a strategy depends on the ability to measure
options and evaluate results against the goal defined. My objective has been to
create measurement and prediction tools to assess shelter capacity options for
land, since they compete with the agricultural land available and reduce a
Natural Domain that is our source of life. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Shelter capacity can accommodate any activity, but it has
intensity implications that affect our physical, social, psychological,
environmental, and economic quality of life. We have not had the tools needed
to accurately measure, evaluate, prescribe, and limit these shelter capacity and
intensity options. Therefore, we have not been able to create a leadership
strategy to shelter the activities of growing populations within a limited
Built Domain that offers a desirable quality of life -- and can meet the challenge
to survive issued by Genesis 1:28. Unfortunately, Genesis does not mention
quality of life.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I have mentioned, defined, and illustrated shelter capacity
tools in the essays I have written for my blog, Linked-In, and Facebook. The
blog can be found at <a href="http://www.wmhosack.blogspot.com/">www.wmhosack.blogspot.com</a>.
The entire subject and tools are defined in my book “The Equations of Urban
Design” that is available from Amazon.com. My fundamental intent, however, is
to make you aware of the implications of the shelter you take for granted. You
cannot live without it; but like most of our creations, it can become a threat
to our survival when misused.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">POSTSCRIPT REGARDING “WORLD WITHOUT END” OPINIONS<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We have repeated the phrase “land without end” so often that I
have wondered for some time if it has led us to take the land on Earth for
granted. I have to include myself in this category until I saw the first picture
of the Earth from the Moon in 1967. The picture combined with another event to
lead me on a search to define shelter capacity and the intensity of building
mass options. I have only now thought to search for comments regarding the
phrase. It is still repeated on a weekly basis and may still convey the
impression that there is no limit to the land we have been given. I happen to
believe that the planet is subject to a law of limits and correlation that we
do not understand, and did not find as much disagreement as I expected in the
comments below. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">“Many Catholic prayers in the English language conclude
with the phrase, “<strong><span style="font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif";">world without end</span></strong>,” or alternatively
with, “<strong><span style="font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif";">forever and ever</span></strong>.” The phrase is repeated so much
that many Catholics may not even notice it. Yet, for some it is a confusing
phrase, especially when considering the idea that this world <em><span style="font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif";">will
</span></em>end, paving the way for a new Heaven and a new Earth.” (Source: “Aletia”)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Fr. Kenneth Doyle explained for <a href="https://catholicphilly.com/2017/02/catholic-spirituality/the-poetry-of-a-world-without-end/" target="_blank"><i>Catholic Philly</i></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><i> </i></span>that
the phrase is “<strong><span style="font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif";">a poetic way of expressing the notion of eternity</span></strong>.
What we are really saying is that the glory of God and the praise owed to the
Trinity are endless. The phrase attempts to translate the Latin ending of many
Mass prayers, ‘per omnia saecula saeculorum,’ which means, ‘through all ages
upon ages.'”<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">“The phrase has a rich history and is meant to
express the glory to God that has no end, but endures throughout all ages.” I
was surprised to find that its origins were not Lutheran.</span></span>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8862540136944874615.post-18549423566929287342023-04-30T11:26:00.000-04:002023-04-30T11:26:25.012-04:00SUMMARY of BLOG ESSAYS<p> I thought it might be helpful to publish a complete list of
my blog essays to date as one complete document for ease of reference. The
essays in italics were written after publication of the collection in “Symbiotic
Architecture”. The italicized titles are only available on my blog and on
Linked-In. Some, but not all, of the earlier titles are available on Linked-In.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 4.65pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 698px;">
<tbody><tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111"></td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Candara Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Walter M. Hosack <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" width="111">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Candara Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Year/Mo/Order<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: right;"><br /></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">10.9.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Replacing Density<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">10.9.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The City is a Farm<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">10.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Examining Architecture Part 1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">10.10.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Disorganized Zoning Ordinance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">10.10.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Limits of Shelter Capacity <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">10.11.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Variance Contradiction<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">10.12.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Land Use Plans & Ponzi Schemes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Hidden Implications of Design Decisions<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Strategy is Missing from Economic Development<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Tool for Containing Sprawl<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.4.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Design Specifications & Shelter Intensity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.4.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Parking Lot Design Implications<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.5.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Dwelling Unit Design Implications<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.6.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Measuring Design Excellence - Sullivan & Wright<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.7.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Symbiotic City<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.8.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Symbiotic Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.9.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">City Design for Economic Stability<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Citizen Participation is not Leadership<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.10.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">City Design with Space<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.10.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Design for Survival<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 22;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.10.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Education<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 23;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.10.5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Education Preamble<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 24;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.10.6<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Pitch and Catch<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 25;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.10.7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Predict Shelter Options within Limited Built Domain<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 26;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.10.8<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Protecting the Planet<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 27;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.10.9<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Talent and Leadership<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 28;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.11.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A New Language for Architecture & City Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 29;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.11.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Strategic & Tactical Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 30;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.12.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Improving Arguments for Architecture & City Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 31;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.12.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Tool for Containing Sprawl<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 32;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.12.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">An Overlooked Threat to the Family of Man<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 33;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.12.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Conceptual Design & Architectural Scope<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 34;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.12.5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Land is a Critical Design Element<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 35;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11.12.6<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Public Benefit of Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 36;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">City Design Synopsis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 37;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">City Design-Urban Design-Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 38;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Context, Capacity & Intensity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 39;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Examining Architecture Part 2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 40;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Form Follows Invention<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 41;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.6<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Logic & Knowledge in Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 42;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Parking Variances - A Glimpse into the Future<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 43;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.8<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Population and Intensity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 44;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.9<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Questions About City Planning & Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 45;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Recalling Michelangelo<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 46;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.11<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Shelter, Survival and Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 47;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.12<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Sustainability<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 48;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.1.13<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Vitruvius Revisited<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 49;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Common Imperative<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 50;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.2.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Intensity is Measurement for Survival<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 51;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.2.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Problem w City Planning<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 52;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.2.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">What is Architecture?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 53;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Introduction to Intensity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 54;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.3.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Recalling Linnaeus<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 55;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.3.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Symbiotic Goal<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 56;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.4.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">John Muir & Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 57;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.4.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Response to the Problems with City Planning<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 58;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.4.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Taking the Pulse of Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 59;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.5.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">First Prority of Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 60;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.6.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Architectural Education Dialogue Part 1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 61;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.6.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Architectural Education Dialogue Part 2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 62;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.6.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Architectural Education Dialogue Part 3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 63;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.6.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Core Issues Parts 1-2 Szymanik Inquiry<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 64;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.6.5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Five Categories of Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 65;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.6.6<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Harnessing Architectural Curriculum Pt 1-2-3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 66;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.6.7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Other Architectural Puzzle CG1B<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 67;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.7.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Criticism, Questions & Ideas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 68;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.7.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Relevance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 69;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.7.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Replacing the Floor Area Ratio<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 70;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.7.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Seriously<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 71;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.7.5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Significance of Gross Building Area<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 72;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.8.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Searching for Answers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 73;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.8.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Shelter, Space & Intensity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 74;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.9.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Plan with Architectural Intensity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 75;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Influence of Design Decisions<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 76;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.10.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Quantifying Intuition<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 77;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12.11<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Built Domain<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 78;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Problem Solvers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 79;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.1.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Many Faces of Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 80;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Free Enterprise & Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 81;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.4.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Symbiotic Knowledge<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 82;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.5.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Sound Bytes from Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 83;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.6.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Commentary - Part 1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 84;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.6.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Leadership & Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 85;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.9.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Design Decisions That Matter<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 86;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.9.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Greatest Invention<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 87;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Repositioning<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 88;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13.11.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Fundamental Questions<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 89;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">14.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Sustainability & First Ring Suburbs<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 90;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">14.1.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">To the Philippines & Malaysia<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 91;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">14.1.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Traffic Lights<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 92;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">14.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Scoundrels in Law<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 93;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">14.4.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Tacit Knowledge<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 94;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">14.5.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Reply to Tacit Knowledge Comment<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 95;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">14.11.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Plan Review<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 96;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Lesson from the Duomo<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 97;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15.1.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Reconsidering Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 98;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15.1.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Two Questions with Follow-up<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 99;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Fork in the Road<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 100;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15.2.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Architectural Practice and Profession<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 101;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15.2.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Comments Worth Pondering<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 102;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15.2.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Survival<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 103;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Design Leadership<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 104;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15.3.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Two Question Follow-up<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 105;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.7.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Advertise The Science of City Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 106;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.7.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Excerpts from The Science of City Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 107;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.7.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Science of City Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 108;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.8.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">City Planning & Design Basics<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 109;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.8.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Repeating Success<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 110;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.9.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Pop-up Urban Projects<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 111;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.9.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Shaping the Future With Opinion<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 112;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.9.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Urban Renewal<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 113;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Removing the Blindfold from Economic Development<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 114;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.10.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Human Scale<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 115;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.11.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Land Use & Urban Form<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 116;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.11.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Power, Policy & Planning<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 117;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.12.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Architecture, Agriculture & Planning<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 118;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16.12.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Graduating from The Floor Area Ratio<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 119;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Restoring the Health of Cities<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 120;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Arguing for a Science of City Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 121;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.2.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Strategic Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 122;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.2.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Surface Parking Limits on Shelter Capacity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 123;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.2.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Concept<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 124;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.2.5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Updating a Comprehensive Plan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 125;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Adapting Our Cities to Reality<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 126;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.3.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Improving the Influence City Planning & Design<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 127;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.4.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Addendum to What is Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 128;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.4.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Townhouse & Apartmentt Density Exposed<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 129;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.5.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Cautionary Comment<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 130;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.6.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Debate Over Architectral Beauty & Taste<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 131;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.7.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Grenfell Tower<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 132;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.7.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Replacing Density - Updated<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 133;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.7.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Zoning Conflict & Opportunity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 134;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.8.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Competing to Consume<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 135;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.8.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Core Area Restrictions on Shelter Capacity<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 136;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.8.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Future of Cities<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 137;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.8.4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Understanding a Building Footprint<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 138;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.9.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Leading Shelter Capacity, Intensity and Context Results<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 139;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.9.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Future of Shelter<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 140;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Comparing Shelter Des Decisions 11.4rev<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 141;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.10.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">G1.R1 Single-family Detached Home Dilemma<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 142;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17.12.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Reply to Architectural Criticism <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 143;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">18.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">An Expanded Role for Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 144;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">18.1.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Architectural Capacity & Shelter Intensity within a Limited
Built Domain <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 145;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">18.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Least a Smart City Should Know<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 146;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">18.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Elected & Appointed City Planning & Design Decisions<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 147;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">18.3.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Facing Reality on a Finite Planet<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 148;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">18.3.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Open Space Metric<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 149;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">18.6.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Learning to Lead the Formation of Cities<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 150;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">18.7.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Visualizing the City <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 151;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Correlating Economic & Real Estate Development<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 152;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Question from Kabul<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 153;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.3.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Back Cover<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 154;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.4.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Planning Our Presence<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 155;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.4.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Response to Bill Gates re Land Consumption<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 156;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.5.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Shelter Design Basics<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 157;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.6.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Collision of Architectural Opinion<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 158;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.6.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Shelter Sprawl<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 159;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.8.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Unstable Land Use Allocation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 160;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.9.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Larry Discussion<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 161;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">19.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Benefit of Land Use-Urban Form Correlation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 162;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">20.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Farmer Knows More<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 163;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">20.4.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Density and Covid-19<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 164;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">20.4.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Planning with Economic Development Homework<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 165;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">20.8.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Zoning Design Specifications<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 166;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: .2in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">20.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: .2in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Contributing Knowledge<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 167;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">20.12.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Measuring the Intensity of Place<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 168;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">21.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Design Decisions that Determine Apartment Density<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 169;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">21.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Design Decisions that Determine Single-Family Detached Housing
Density<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 170;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">21.3.2<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Design Decisions that Determine Townhouse Density<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 171;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">21.4.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Design Decisions that Determine Single-Family Subdivision
Density<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 172;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">21.7.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Land Use & Development Capacity Correlation<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 173;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">21.8.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Shelter, Sprawl, and Survival<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 174;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">21.10.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Equations of Urban Design<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 175;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">21.12.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Not Published - Architecture - Fine Art<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 176;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">22.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Concerning Our Presence on the Planet<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 177;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">22.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Consequences of City Design Decisions<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 178;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">22.7.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Urban Design<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 179;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">22.8.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A Scientific Approach to Zoning Plan Review<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 180;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">22.9.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Shelter Capacity<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 181;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">22.12.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Land We Take for Granted<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 182;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">22.12.2<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Confronting Sprawl with an Adequate Language<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 183;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.1.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Interpreting the Planet's Law of Limits<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 184;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.1.2<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Zoning Plan Review<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 185;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.2.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Annexation<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 186;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.2.2<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Public Policy - City Design Disconnect<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 187;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.2.3<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Implications of Shelter Capacity Design Decisions<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 188;">
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="111">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.4.1<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: .2in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 352.15pt;" width="587">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Decisions Needed<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .2in; mso-yfti-irow: 189; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23.4.2<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The Pattern of a Master Plan<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
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</tbody></table>Walter M. Hosackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06275115271683682767noreply@blogger.com0