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Thursday, September 21, 2023

The Principles of Shelter Capacity Evaluation for Urban Design and Economic Development

 

Before I get to the title of this essay I would like to mention an essay I remembered after reading an article about data dependent planning and urban design. The essay is entitled, “The Least a City Should Know”. It is located on my blog at www.wmhosack.blogspot.com. I am not attaching it for the sake of brevity since it is longer than I normally write and contains 7 tables. It is about the correlation of currently independent database sources that must agree to form a common resource before we can begin to correlate the information needed to build knowledge and make informed city planning and urban design decisions.

We cannot predict, plan, and lead shelter capacity decisions toward the efficient and economically stable use of limited land areas without improved database correlation. We do not need to leave these decisions to a marketplace that believes in land without end and private profitability without concern for public revenue potential and financial stability per acre of municipal land area.

In other words, we cannot correlate design of the physical city with its social and economic characteristics until we are able to assemble the relational databases required to understand the correlation of decisions involved.

Forecast Models for Shelter Capacity Measurement and Evaluation

I have written about the urban design classification system, building design categories, forecast models, design specification templates, architectural algorithms, master equations, and definitional equations that determine shelter capacity and intensity at the cellular level of city formation on many occasions; and have referred to the software package of measurement and forecasting models as both Shelter Capacity Evaluation and Development Capacity Evaluation.

I continue to vacillate between the terms “shelter capacity” and “development capacity”. Shelter has a residential tone but conveys the life-saving nature of the topic. Development is all-inclusive but has a less imperative, more diluted and commercial tone. When I use either of these terms, they are meant to encompass the building design categories, gross building areas, and shelter capacity, intensity, intrusion, and dominance implications that can be mathematically predicted from design specification values entered in a building design category template. These predictions can be used for either residential or non-residential occupancy. They predict the shelter capacity, intensity, intrusion, and dominance implications of contemplated design specification options, but the values chosen can be improved with a focused strategy of data accumulation, correlation, and evaluation.

Principles of Shelter Capacity Evaluation

While writing this I thought back to my creation of Shelter Capacity Evaluation software and would like to mention the points that have come to influence my opinions and approach. The number of variable decisions exposed by this exercise gave me a new appreciation for the mental correlation performed by architects, landscape architects, city planners, urban designers, and so on over centuries. They have had to perform this correlation with the leadership instinct, intuition, awareness, experience, and rules of thumb that we have called talent. It has been applied for centuries when population growth was encouraged and land was plentiful. We now need to support talent with a foundation of data accumulation, mathematical evaluation, and increasing knowledge that will help it consistently provide shelter for the activities of increasing populations within geographic limits defined to protect their quality and source of life. It will never replace talent, but it will give it more credible support for the decisions it recommends. The following opinions have led me to the formation of this mathematical foundation.

(1)              There are two worlds on a single planet – the Built Domain and the Natural Domain.

(2)              The Built Domain continues to consume agriculture and the Natural Domain with sprawl and annexation.

(3)              Human survival depends on shelter within the Built Domain.

(4)              The activities of growing populations depend on an increasing shelter supply.

(5)              Shelter is served within the Urban and Rural Phyla of the Built Domain by its Movement, Open Space, and Life Support Divisions.

(6)              Shelter is provided by 6 building design categories that can be mathematically defined.

(7)              Land consumption by a building design category is a function of the design specification values entered in its forecast model.

(8)              Building floor quantity options can be mathematically correlated with site plan design specifications to forecast gross building area alternatives for a given land area.

(9)              Gross building area divided by the buildable acres involved equals the shelter capacity per acre planned or present.

(10)            Shelter capacity times the impervious cover percentage planned or present on a given buildable land area divided by 10,000 equals the intensity present.

(11)            Intensity measurements and predictions can indicate excessive urban design alternatives.

(12)            Excessive intensity remains to be defined with case study measurements of existing building design category specifications.

(13)            Shelter capacity for activity has private financial and public economic development implications.

(14)            A city’s total expense per acre can be compared with the revenue it receives per census block, tract, or zoning district acre to determine financial stability and future urban design strategies.

(15)            Urban design strategies for shelter capacity, intensity, activity, and location can improve the revenue produced from areas within a city’s municipal area.

(16)            Shelter capacity forecasting combined with activity allocation in an urban design plan has economic implications that affect a city’s quality of life.

(17)            Existing building design specifications can be measured and evaluated using the topics listed in its related building category forecast model.

(18)            The composition and appearance of building mass, parking, pavement, and unpaved open space in a project area begins with the site planning and floor quantity specification values adopted as the urban design foundation for all ensuing design decisions.

(19)            Shelter project areas are cells with various amounts of shelter capacity, intensity, and activity that combine to form the Shelter Division of an urban anatomy.

(20)            The design specification measurements of an existing building are like the first blood pressure measurements in medicine. They require collection, correlation and evaluation to build knowledge of the capacity, intensity, intrusion, and dominance impact represented.

(21)        Sprawl is the pattern of a parasite withut a symbiotic future.

Observation

We have not, or have refused to recognize population growth as a threat to the preservation of agriculture and our source of life, the Natural Domain, even though we refer to this growth as “sprawl”. Sprawl is also a term associated in the minds of many with housing. It is actually unlimited land consumption for gross building area, often called annexation that can be used to shelter any activity. It is unlimited land consumption driven by population growth, deteriorating urban areas, shifting opinions, and use of inadequate forecasting tools that make it a threat to our source of life.

The need for shelter will continue to drive sprawl until we can correlate increasing demand within geographic areas limited to protect the natural domain without excessive shelter intensity. It has been an impossible goal because the shelter capacity of land and the intensity implications of optional, qualitative design decisions have resisted accurate mathematical definition and prediction. This has left population growth and sprawl as a debate without a frame of reference beyond conflicting opinion. I have created the measurement and prediction software of Shelter Capacity Evaluation to offer an alternative.


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